Table 5.
Details of the studies mentioned in Table 4
| Species | Study site | Habitat type | Study period | Group size (name) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tropical/subtropical climate | |||||
| M. tonkeana | Lore Lindu NP, Sulawesi | Lowland and hill forest, minimally altered | Jan '03 - Apr '04 | 26-28 (Ch) | 1 |
| M. tonkeana | Lore Lindu NP, Sulawesi | Lowland and hill forest, heavily altered | Jan '03 - Apr '04 | 6-9 (Anca) | 1 |
| M. nigrescens | Dumoga-Bone NP, Sulawesi | Primary lowland rainforest, secondary growth | Apr '89 - Jun '90 | 13.9 | 2 |
| M. siberu | Siberut island, Sumatra | Tropical lowland evergreen broadleaf rainforest | Mar '10 - Mar '11 | 29 | 3 |
| M. n. nemestrina | Lima Belas, W-Malaysia | Trop. broadleaf evergreen forest, plantations around | Jan '80 - May '81 | 50 | 4 |
| M. fascicularis | Tanjung Puting, Kalimantan | Freshwater peat swamp forest | Jan - Dec '85 | (several) | 5 |
| M. fascicularis | Kuala Lompat, W-Malaysia | Tropical lowland evergreen rainforest | Jan - Jul '73 | 17 | 6 |
| M. fascicularis | Kuala Lompat, W-Malaysia | Tropical lowland evergreen rainforest | Jul '74 - Jan '76 | 23 | 7 |
| M. fascicularis | Ketambe, Sumatra | Tropical lowland evergreen rainforest | Mar '10 - Apr '11 | 52 (C)* | 8 |
| M. fascicularis | Ketambe, Sumatra | Tropical lowland evergreen rainforest | Mar '10 - Apr '11 | 35 (KB)* | 8 |
| M. fascicularis | Mauritius | Degraded savanna | Jun - Jul '77 | 67 | 9 |
| M. fascicularis | Ketambe, Sumatra | Tropical lowland evergreen rainforest | Mar '10 - Apr '11 | 28 (KA)* | 8 |
| M. fascicularis | Naaf river belt, Bangladesh | x | x | 20 | 10 |
| M. nigra | Tangkoko, Sulawesi | Lowland rainforest | Jan '93 - Jun '94 | 42-97 | 11 |
| M. nigra | Tangkoko, Sulawesi | Lowland rainforest | Jul ’06 – Jun ‘07 | 60 (Ram. I) | 12 |
| M. nigra | Tangkoko, Sulawesi | Lowland rainforest | Jul ’06 – Jun ‘07 | 58 (Ram. II) | 12 |
| M. (n.) leonina | Bherjan, E-India | Tropical wet evergreen forest, deciduous plantations | 1992-1994, 2004 | 20-23 (2 groups) | 13 |
| M. silenus | Western Ghats, S-India | Evergreen moist broadleaf forest | Aug '94 - Mar '96 | 23 | 14 |
| M. cyclopis | Jentse, NE-Taiwan | Secondary broadleaf evergreen forest, plantations | Oct '91 - Jun '92 | ≤31 (≥ 6 groups) | 15 |
| M. cyclopis | Mt. Longevity, Taiwan | x | Aug '03 - Jul '04 | 16-63 (Aa, C, E, F) | 16 |
| M. assamensis | Phu Khieo WS, Thailand | Dry evergreen forest | 2007-'08, 2010-'11 | 49-53 (AS) | 17 |
| M. assamensis | Bangladesh | x | 1979 - 1981 | 18 | 18 |
| M. assamensis | Jokai RF, Assam, India | x | x | x | 19 |
| M. munzala | Arunachal Pradesh, India | Subtropical broadleaf forest, disturbed open forest | Dec '05 - May '06 | 24 | 20 |
| Temperate climate | |||||
| M. fuscata yakui | Yakushima, Japan | Warm temperate broadleaf forest (coastal forest) | Dec '87 - May '89 | 15-17 (P) | 21 |
| M. fuscata yakui | Yakushima, Japan | Warm temperate broadleaf forest | Jan '90 - Apr '92 | 5-19 (P) | 22 |
| M. fuscata yakui | Yakushima, Japan | Cold temperate coniferous forest | Apr '00 - Mar '01 | 24-27 | 23 |
| M. f. fuscata | Kinkazan Island, Japan | Mixed forest of deciduous and coniferous trees | Nov '84 - Aug '92 | 20-51 (A) | 24 |
| M. mulatta | Murree hills, NW-Pakistan | Mixed coniferous deciduous forest, disturbed areas | 1978-'79 | 23-25 (Kong) | 25 |
| M. sylvanus | Akfadou, Algeria | Temperate deciduous oak forest | Feb '83 - Mar '85 | 33-47 | 26 |
| M. sylvanus | Djurdjura, Algeria | Temperate evergreen cedar-oak forest | Feb '83 - Mar '85 | 38-73 | 26 |
NP = National Park, RF = Reserve Forest, WS = Wildlife Sanctuary, * data are only from the 2 adult males, Sources: see footnotes of Table 4.