Table 3.
Results from multivariable negative binomial regression models for the relationship between the components of metabolic syndrome (low HDL, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal obesity) and extent of severe periodontal disease (counts of tooth-sites per person with CAL≥6 mm) among a study population of Gullah African Americans with type 2 diabetes (N=283).
| Parameter | Full multivariable model (Deviance/df = 0.91) | Final multivariable model (Deviance/df = 0.90) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| β | SE | P | RR and 95% CI | β | SE | P | RR and 95% CI | |
| Intercept | 0.38 | 2.68 | 0.89 | -------- | −1.84 | 1.25 | 0.14 | -------- |
| Low serum HDL cholesterol1: yes | −0.04 | 0.30 | 0.88 | 0.96 (0.54-1.71) | −0.02 | 0.29 | 0.96 | 0.98 (0.55-1.75) |
| High blood pressure2: yes | −0.40 | 0.43 | 0.35 | 0.67 (0.29-1.54) | −0.41 | 0.42 | 0.33 | 0.66 (0.29-1.53) |
| Hypertriglyceridemia3: yes | 0.31 | 0.45 | 0.50 | 1.36 (0.56-3.31) | 0.23 | 0.44 | 0.61 | 1.25 (0.52-2.99) |
| Abdominal obesity4: yes | 0.77 | 0.51 | 0.13 | 2.16 (0.80-5.83) | 0.85 | 0.50 | 0.09 | 2.33 (0.88-6.23) |
| Total teeth | −0.11 | 0.03 | <.0001 | 0.90 (0.85-0.94) | −0.12 | 0.03 | <.0001 | 0.89 (0.85-0.94) |
| HbA1c ≥7% | 0.45 | 0.31 | 0.15 | 1.58 (0.85-2.91) | 0.55 | 0.30 | 0.06 | 1.73 (0.97-3.11) |
| BMI: 25-30 (kg/m2, overweight) | −0.02 | 0.58 | 0.98 | 0.98 (0.32-3.04) | −.010 | 0.58 | 0.86 | 0.90 (0.29-2.79) |
| BMI: ≥30 (kg/m2, obese) | −0.62 | 0.58 | 0.28 | 0.54 (0.18-1.67) | −0.67 | 0.58 | 0.24 | 0.51 (0.16-1.58) |
| BMI: data missing | 0.56 | 0.91 | 0.54 | 1.74 (0.29-10.32) | 0.45 | 0.94 | 0.62 | 1.56 (0.26-9.26) |
| Gender: female | −0.98 | 0.37 | <.01 | 0.37 (0.18-0.77) | −0.94 | 0.36 | 0.01 | 0.39 (0.19-0.80) |
| Smoking status: current | 0.75 | 0.45 | 0.10 | 2.11 (0.87-5.15) | 0.77 | 0.46 | 0.09 | 2.16 (0.88-5.29) |
| Smoking status: past | −0.0005 | 0.41 | 0.999 | <1.00 (0.45-2.22) | −0.01 | 0.40 | 0.98 | 0.99 (0.45-2.18) |
| Age (years) | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 1.03 (0.995-1.06) | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 1.03 (0.99-1.06) |
| CRP (mg/ml as loge) | 0.32 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 1.37 (1.05-1.79) | 0.32 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 1.37 (1.05-1.79) |
| Serum albumin (g/dl as loge) | −1.83 | 1.94 | 0.35 | 0.16 (<0.01-7.18) | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- |
| Dispersion parameter | 4.34 | 0.51 | ----- | ----- | 4.36 | 0.51 | ----- | ----- |
Serum HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dl (1 mmol/l) in men and <50 mg/dl (1.3 mmol/l) in women,
Systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥130 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥85 mmHg or on treatment for hypertension,
Serum triglyceride level ≥150 mg/dl (1.7 mmol/l),
Waist circumference >102 cm (40 inches) in men and >88 cm (35 inches) in women.
SE = Standard error, RR= rate ratio, CI= confidence interval, P ≤ 0.05