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Effect of adenosine to guanosine substitutions in the tetraloop. Force-extension curves of the AA (a and b), GA (d and e), and GG (f) RNAs in 1 M NaCl at pH 7.4. In b and e, the lowest relaxation force was set at 10 pN to prevent kissing formation. (c) An enlarged view of the hairpin folding in trajectory b. (g and h) Enlarged views of the unkiss and kissing transitions in d, respectively.
