Table 2.
Secondary maternal and neonatal outcomes in the trial groups (mean or frequency and 95% CI)
| Intervention | Control | p value | Missing (n in groups) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N |
96 |
89 |
|
|
|
Maternal |
|
|
|
|
| First trimester |
|
|
|
|
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
119.1 (116.9 to 121.2) |
116.5 (114.3 to 118.7) |
0.10 a |
4, 5 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
73.9 (72.4 to 75.4) |
72.1 (70.0 to 74.1) |
0.14 a |
4, 5 |
| Second trimester |
|
|
|
|
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
116.8 (114.7 to 119.0) |
117.7 (115.4 to 119.9) |
0.59 a |
2, 6 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
71.7 (70.1 to 73.3) |
70.5 (68.5 to 72.5) |
0.33 a |
2, 6 |
| Physical exercise (h/week)* |
4.2 (3.6 to 4.7) |
4.5 (3.6 to 5.4) |
0.62 b |
2, 5 |
| OGTT (Gestational weeks 26–28) |
|
|
|
|
| Fasting-0 h (mmol/l) |
4.8 (4.7 to 4.8) |
4.9 (4.8 to 5.0) |
0.12 b |
- |
| 1 h (mmol/l) |
8.7 (8.4 to 9.0) |
9.0 (8.7 to 9.4) |
0.21 a |
- |
| 2 h (mmol/l) |
6.8 (6.6 to 7.1) |
6.9 (6.6 to 7.1) |
0.77 a |
- |
| Pathological OGTT result (cP) |
14.6% (8.9% to 23.0%) |
29.2% (20.8% to 39.4%) |
0.016c |
|
| Third trimester |
|
|
|
|
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHG) |
122.4 (120.1 to 124.6) |
122.5 (120.0 to 125.0) |
0.79b |
3, 4 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHG) |
77.8 (76.1 to 79.5) |
75.2 (73.2 to 77.3) |
0.052a |
3, 4 |
| Physical exercise (h/week)* |
3.4 (3.0 to 3.8) |
3.2 (2.5 to 3.9) |
0.11b |
4, 4 |
| Gestational weight gain until 37 gw (kg) |
11.4 (10.4 to 12.5) |
12.7 (11.5 to 14.0) |
0.11a |
2, 0 |
| Min – Max |
−4.9 to 27.2 |
−1.0 to 34.7 |
|
|
|
Neonatal |
|
|
|
|
| Non-complicated vaginal delivery |
77.1% (67.7% to 84.4%) |
75.3% (65.4% to 83.1%) |
0.77c |
- |
| Gestational age at birth |
39.8 (39.4 to 40.1) |
39.4 (39.2 to 39.7) |
0.084b |
- |
| Sex of the newborn (boy) |
51.0% (41.2% to 60.8%) |
50.6% (40.4% to 60.7%) |
0.95c |
- |
| Birth weight (grams) |
3509 (3404 to 3615) |
3507 (3417 to 3596) |
0.97a |
- |
| Ponderal index (weight, kg/length, m3) |
27.4 (26.9 to 27.9) |
27.5 (27.0 to 27.9) |
0.89a |
- |
| Large for gestational age |
7.3% (3.6% to 14.3%) |
5.6% (2.4% to 12.5%) |
0.64c |
- |
| Small for gestational age |
13.5% (8.1% to 21.8%) |
6.7% (3.1% to 13.9%) |
0.13c |
- |
| Exclusive breastfeeding (months) | 3.0 (2.5 to 3.4) | 2.8 (2.3 to 3.2) | 0.52b | 8, 0 |
aIndependent Samples T-test, bMann-Whitney U-test, cChi-Square Test, dFisher’s Exact Test; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test (75 g glucose load, 2-hour); cP = capillary plasma glucose; CI, confidence interval; *level of at least slightly out of breath; gw, gestational weeks.