Figure 8.

Schematic representation of the epigenetic modification and a hypothetical complex transcription. (A) Chromosome, (B) Nucleosome (DNA), (C) Histone, (D) Different components involving enzymes, co-activator, repressor and transcription factors essential for the histone modification. (E) H3 histone tail and their major component of epigenetic factors acetylation (a), methylation (m), and phosphorylation (p). (F) Schematic diagram shows pathway involved in the ethanol-induced epigenetic changes and role of methylation and leading to the expression of genes and proteins. (1) Ethanol exposure of nerve cells (environmental stimuli), (2) these external stimuli result in changes in downstream genes and kinase signaling pathway. (3) Histone Modification (Acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation) and their responsible enzymes. (4) Transcriptional regulation and gene expression, (5) translation (protein expression), (6) altered cellular function. HAT- histrone acetyl transferase; HDAC- histone deacetylase; HDM-histone demethylase; HMT-histone methyl transferase. The model was adapted and modified from Shukla et al. (2008).