Table 3.
Ethanol-induced histone and DNA modifications.
| Type of modification | Enzymes | Target gene transcription | Ethanol effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| ACETYLATION | |||
| H3 K9 | GNAT | Activating | Increase |
| H3 K14 or K18 or K23 | MYST | Activating | Non-detected |
| H3 and H4 | CBP/p300 | Activating | Increase |
| DEACETYLATION | |||
| H3 H4 | HDACs1–11 | Activating | Ethanol up-regulated genes |
| H3 K9 | SUV39H1 | Silencing | Ethanol down-regulated genes |
| METHYLATION | |||
| H3 K4 | Set1 | Activating | Ethanol up-regulated genes |
| H3K36 | Set2 | Activating | Ethanol up-regulated genes |
| H3K79 | DoT1L | Activating | Ethanol up-regulated genes |
| H3K27 | EZH2 | Silencing | Non-detected |
| H4K20 | SUV4-20H1 | Silencing | Non-detected |
| Methylated CpG | DNMT1, DNMT3a-3b | Decrease activity | Ethanol down-regulated genes |
| PHOSPHORYLATION | |||
| H3 S10 | RSK2 | Not known | Increase |
| H3 S28 | – | Not known | Increase |