Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics Stratified by CAC Score (N = 2,832)
| CAC Score Categories
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | 0 (n = 2,553) | >0 (n = 279) | p Value | <100 (n = 2,781) | >100 (n = 51) | p Value |
| Age, yrs | 40.1 ± 3.6 | 42 ± 3.1 | <0.01 | 40.2 ± 3.6 | 43.1 ± 2.6 | <0.01 |
|
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| Female, % | 56 | 27.2 | <0.01 | 53.6 | 27.5 | <0.01 |
|
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| Black race, % | 45.8 | 34.4 | <0.01 | 44.9 | 33.3 | 0.10 |
|
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| SBP, mm Hg | 112.4 ± 14.1 | 118.5 ± 16.1 | <0.01 | 112.9 ± 14.3 | 120.8 ± 18.4 | <0.01 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 74.1 ± 11.1 | 78.1 ± 12.6 | <0.01 | 74.4 ± 11.2 | 81.4 ± 14.7 | <0.01 |
|
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| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 183.8 ± 34.3 | 198.4 ± 40.6 | <0.01 | 185.0 ± 34.9 | 199.6 ± 50.6 | <0.01 |
| HDL, mg/dl | 51.1 ± 14.3 | 46.1 ± 14.3 | <0.01 | 50.7 ± 14.3 | 45.9 ± 15.8 | 0.02 |
| LDL, mg/dl | 112.3 ± 30.6 | 127 ± 37.8 | <0.01 | 113.5 ± 31.4 | 125.4 ± 43.9 | 0.01 |
|
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| Current smoking, % | 19.3 | 32.3 | <0.01 | 20.2 | 39.2 | <0.01 |
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| Hypertension treatment, % | 6.0 | 11.1 | <0.01 | 6.4 | 11.8 | 0.12 |
| Lipid treatment, % | 1.7 | 4.7 | <0.01 | 1.8 | 11.8 | <0.01 |
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| Family history of heart attack, % | 19.6 | 26.9 | <0.01 | 19.9 | 45.1 | <0.01 |
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| FRS, % | 1.3 ± 2.5 | 3.5 ± 4.8 | <0.01 | 1.4 ± 2.7 | 5.2 ± 6.9 | <0.01 |
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| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.3 ± 6.2 | 28.7 ± 5.9 | 0.28 | 28.3 ± 6.2 | 28.2 ± 6.3 | 0.88 |
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| Physical activity (intensity score) | 352 ± 282.8 | 403.4 ± 310.8 | <0.01 | 357.0 ± 285.6 | 365.6 ± 314.3 | 0.83 |
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| Education, % | 0.01 | 0.14 | ||||
| Less than high school | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 2.0 | ||
| High school | 20.1 | 28 | 20.7 | 27.5 | ||
| College | 58 | 51.3 | 57.4 | 52.9 | ||
| Graduate school | 21.7 | 20.1 | 21.6 | 17.7 | ||
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| Marital status: married, % | 54.3 | 50.9 | 0.29 | 54.0 | 52.9 | 0.89 |
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| Income, % | 0.38 | 0.29 | ||||
| <$25,000 | 14 | 16.3 | 14.0 | 21.6 | ||
| $25,000–$50,000 | 24.2 | 27.1 | 24.6 | 15.7 | ||
| $50,000–$75,000 | 23.2 | 20.2 | 22.9 | 21.6 | ||
| >$75,000 | 38.7 | 36.5 | 38.4 | 41.2 | ||
|
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| Health insurance, % | 87.8 | 85.7 | 0.30 | 87.7 | 86.3 | 0.77 |
Values are mean ± SD or %. Baseline refers to CARDIA year 15 examinations.
BMI = body mass index; CAC = coronary artery calcium; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; FRS = Framingham Risk Score; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; SBP = systolic blood pressure.