Table 1. .
Algal species which have been studied and shown ability to produce hydrogen and/or metabolites with pharmaceutical/ industrial interest and algae which are being used today for commercial purposes.
| Genus | Species† | Hydrogen production‡ | Hydrogen –S‡ | Health food | Aquaculture/ animal feed | Valuable metabolites§,# |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankistrodesmus | spp. | FS (Turker et al., 2003) | α-linolenic acid (Ben-Amotz et al., 1985) | |||
| Hexadecatetraenoic acid (Ben-Amotz et al., 1985) | ||||||
| angustus | D (Brand et al., 1989) | |||||
| braunii | D (Kessler, 1973) | Astaxanthin (Borowitzka, 1988) | ||||
| falcatus | D (Bishop et al., 1977) | |||||
| spiralis | Mycosporine-like amino acids (Xiong et al., 1999) | |||||
| Botryococcus | sppbraunii | α-linolenic acid (Chiang et al., 2004) | ||||
| Linoleic acid (Chiang et al., 2004) | ||||||
| Butylated hydroxytoluene (Babu and Wu, 2008) | ||||||
| Lutein (Rao et al., 2006) | ||||||
| β-carotene (Borowitzka, 1988) | ||||||
| Extracellular alkadienes (wax for cosmetics) (Mendes et al., 2003) | ||||||
| Brachiomonas | submarina | Glycerol (Ahmadand Hellebust, 1986) | ||||
| Carteria | spp | BP (de Pauw and Persoone, 1988, Lavens and Sorgeloos, 1996) | ||||
| crusifera | D (Brand et al., 1989) | |||||
| eugametos | D (Brand et al., 1989) | |||||
| Chlamydobotrys | stellata | D (Boichenko et al., 1992) | ||||
| Chlamydocapsa | spp | Lutein (Leya et al., 2009) | ||||
| Cantaxanthin (Leya et al., 2009) | ||||||
| Astaxanthin (Leya et al., 2009) | ||||||
| Chlamydomonas | spp. | BL, BP, FZ, MR, BS, BP, | Glycerol (Miyasaka et al., 1998) | |||
| FS (Lavens and Sorgeloos, 1996, Opuszynski, 1981) | Vitamin B (Vilchez et al., 1997) | |||||
| α-linolenic acid (Poerschmann et al., 2004) | ||||||
| Hexadecatetraenoic acid (Poerschmann et al., 2004) | ||||||
| acidophila | Lutein (Garbayo et al., 2008) | |||||
| β-carotene (Garbayo et al., 2008) | ||||||
| Violaxanthin (Garbayo et al., 2008) | ||||||
| applanata | D (Brand et al., 1989) | Haemagglutinin (Chu et al., 2004) | ||||
| asymmetrica | Haemagglutinin (Chu et al., 2004) | |||||
| chlamydogama | D (Brand et al., 1989) | |||||
| debaryana | D (Healey, 1970) | |||||
| dorsoventralis | D (Brand et al., 1989) | Haemagglutinin (Chu et al., 2004) | ||||
| dysosmos | D (Healey, 1970) | |||||
| elliptica | D (Brand et al., 1989) | |||||
| eugametos | D (Kessler, 1974) | Vitamin B (Uhlik and Gowans, 1974) | ||||
| euryale | D (Skjånes et al., 2008) | D (Skjånes et al., 2008) | ||||
| hindakii | D (Brand et al., 1989) (noctigama) | |||||
| hydra | D (Brand et al., 1989) | |||||
| intermedia | D (Kessler, 1974) | |||||
| moewusii | D (Healey, 1970) | D (Meuser et al., 2009) | α-linolenic acid (Arisz et al., 2000) | |||
| Linoleic acid (Arisz et al., 2000) | ||||||
| Hexadecatetraenoic acid (Arisz et al., 2000) | ||||||
| nivalis | Astaxanthin (Remias et al., 2005) | |||||
| Phenolic antioxidants (Duval et al., 2000) | ||||||
| Mycosporine-like amino acids (Duval et al., 2000) | ||||||
| noctigama | D (Winkler et al., 2002) | D (Skjånes et al., 2008) | Haemagglutinin (Chu et al., 2004) | |||
| pulsatilla | Glycerol (Ahmadand Hellebust, 1986) | |||||
| pulvinata | Haemagglutinin (Chu et al., 2004) | |||||
| reinhardtii | D (Kessler, 1974) | D (Melis et al., 2000) | Transgenic proteins (Griesbeck et al., 2005) | |||
| Toxic fatty acids (McCracken et al., 1980, Spruell, 1984) | ||||||
| Glycerol (León and Galván, 1999) | ||||||
| Vitamin C (Borowitzka, 1988) | ||||||
| Vitamin E (Borowitzka, 1988) | ||||||
| simplex | Haemagglutinin (Chu et al., 2004) | |||||
| texensis | D (Brand et al., 1989) | |||||
| ulvaensis | Haemagglutinin (Chu et al., 2004) | |||||
| vectensis | D (Skjånes et al., 2008) | D (Skjånes et al., 2008) | ||||
| Chlorella | spp. | D (Chader et al., 2009, Timmins et al., 2009a) | NP (Pulz and Gross, 2004, Yamaguchi, 1997) | MR, BS, FS, BL, ML, FZ (Apt and Behrens, 1999, de Pauw and Persoone, 1988, Duerr et al., 1998, Pulz and Gross, 2004, Turker et al., 2003) | Vitamin C (Running et al., 2002) | |
| Vitamin B (Borowitzka, 1988) | ||||||
| Extract w antimicrobial and anticancer activity (Ördög et al., 2004) | ||||||
| ellipsiodea | Violaxanthin (Cha et al., 2008) | |||||
| Antheraxanthin (Cha et al., 2008) | ||||||
| Zeaxanthin (Cha et al., 2008) | ||||||
| Extract w antimicrobial activity (Chu et al., 2004) | ||||||
| Extract w apoptose inducing effect (Cha et al., 2008) | ||||||
| Haemagglutinin (Chu et al., 2004) | ||||||
| emersonii | Canthaxanthin (Bhosale and Bernstein, 2005) | |||||
| fusca | D (Kessler, 1974) | Lutein (Del Campo et al., 2000) | ||||
| Astaxanthin (Borowitzka, 1988) | ||||||
| Canthaxanthin (Borowitzka, 1988) | ||||||
| Extract w antimicrobial activity (Chu et al., 2004) | ||||||
| Haemagglutinin (Chu et al., 2004) | ||||||
| homosphaera | D (Kessler, 1974) | α-linolenic acid (Ahlgren et al., 1992) | ||||
| kessleri | D (Kessler, 1974) (Parachlorella) | Extract w antimicrobial activity (Chu et al., 2004) | ||||
| Haemagglutinin (Chu et al., 2004) | ||||||
| luteovirtidis | Haemagglutinin (Chu et al., 2004) | |||||
| Mycosporine-like amino acids (Karsten et al., 2007) | ||||||
| minutissima | BL, PL (Duerr et al., 1998) | Eicosapentaenoic acid (Seto et al., 1984) | ||||
| Extract w antimicrobial and anticancer activity (Ördög et al., 2004) | ||||||
| Mycosporine-like amino acids (Xiong et al., 1999) | ||||||
| protothecoides | D (Bishop et al., 1977) | Lutein (Chen, 1998, Shi et al., 2006) | ||||
| Extract w antimicrobial activity (Chu et al., 2004) | ||||||
| Haemagglutinin (Chu et al., 2004) | ||||||
| Linoleic acid (Day et al., 2009) | ||||||
| Vitamin C (Running et al., 2002) | ||||||
| pyrenoidosa | D (Brand et al., 1989) | D (Skjånes et al., 2008) | Extract w antimicrobial/ antifungal activity (Abedin and Taha, 2008, Chu et al., 2004) | |||
| Haemagglutinin (Chu et al., 2004) | ||||||
| Polysaccharide w immunostim effect (Pugh et al., 2001, Yang et al., 2006) | ||||||
| Polysaccharide w antitumor activity (Sheng et al., 2007) | ||||||
| Lutein (Wu et al,. 2007) | ||||||
| Inhibition of dioxin maternal transfer (Nakano et al., 2005) | ||||||
| Vitamin B (Becker, 2004b) | ||||||
| Vitamin E (Becker, 2004b) | ||||||
| saccharophila | Haemagglutinin (Chu et al., 2004) | |||||
| salina | D (Chader et al., 2009) | D (Chader et al., 2009) | ||||
| sorokiniana | D (Bishop et al., 1977) | D (Chader et al., 2009) | Fatty acid extract w/medical activity (Chou et al., 2008) | |||
| Sulfoxidation biocatalyst activity (Daligault et al., 2006) | ||||||
| Lutein (Matsukawa et al., 2000) | ||||||
| α /β-carotene (Matsukawa et al., 2000) | ||||||
| Vitamin E (Matsukawa et al., 2000) | ||||||
| Haemagglutinin (Chu et al., 2004) | ||||||
| Mycosporine-like amino acids (Xiong et al., 1999) | ||||||
| sphaerica | Mycosporine-like amino acids (Karsten et al., 2007) | |||||
| stigmatophora | Polysaccharide w anti-innflammatory and immunosuppressive activity (Guzman et al., 2003) | |||||
| Extract w effect on the central nervous system (Laguna et al., 1993) | ||||||
| vacuolata | D (Bishop et al., 1977) | Extract w antimicrobial activity (Chu et al., 2004) | ||||
| vulgaris | D (Healey, 1970) | D (Timmins et al., 2009a) | NP (Pulz and Gross, 2004, Raja et al., 2008, Rodriguez-Garcia and Guil-Guerrero, 2008) | FS, HF (Gouveia et al., 2002, Janczyk et al., 2009, Raja et al., 2008) | Lutein (Cha et al., 2008) | |
| Canthaxanthin (Gouveia et al., 1996, Mendes et al., 2003) | ||||||
| Astaxanthin (Gouveia et al., 1996, Mendes et al., 2003) | ||||||
| Vitamin C (Borowitzka, 1988) | ||||||
| Vitamin E (Borowitzka, 1988) | ||||||
| Glycoprotein w anti-cancer activity (Hasegawa et al., 2002, Tanaka et al., 1998) | ||||||
| Sulfonated polysaccharide, antioxidant (Mohamed, 2008) | ||||||
| Haemagglutinin (Chu et al., 2004) | ||||||
| Eicosatrienoic acid (Becker, 2004b) | ||||||
| α-linolenic acid (Piorreck et al., 1984) | ||||||
| Linoleic acid (Piorreck et al., 1984) | ||||||
| Extract w toxin-protective effect (Kim et al., 2009a) | ||||||
| xanthella | Haemagglutinin (Chu et al., 2004) | |||||
| zofingiensis | Lutein (Bhosale and Bernstein, 2005, Del Campo et al., 2004) | |||||
| Astaxanthin (Bhosale and Bernstein, 2005, Del Campo et al., 2004) | ||||||
| Canthaxanthin (Pelah et al., 2004) | ||||||
| Haemagglutinin (Chu et al., 2004) | ||||||
| Chlorococcum | sp | D (Boichenko and Hoffmann, 1994) | BL, BP, FZ, MR, BS BP (Lavens and Sorgeloos, 1996) | Astaxanthine (Leya et al., 2009, Liu and Lee, 2000, Yuan et al., 2002) | ||
| Adonixanthin (Yuan et al., 2002) | ||||||
| Canthaxanthin (Yuan et al., 2002) | ||||||
| Lutein (Leya et al., 2009) | ||||||
| y-linolenic acid (Ohta et al., 1995) | ||||||
| citriforme | Lutein (Del Campo et al., 2000) | |||||
| humicolum | D (Boichenko and Hoffmann, 1994) | |||||
| littorale | D (Ueno et al., 1999) | Ethanol (Ueno et al., 1998) | ||||
| submarinum | D (Kamp et al., 2008) | D (Kamp et al., 2008) | Glycerol (Blackwell and Gilmour, 1991) | |||
| vacuolatum | D (Kessler, 1974) | |||||
| Chlorogonium | elongatum | D (Kreuzberg, 1984) | ||||
| Chloromonas | nivalis | Lutein (Leya et al., 2009) | ||||
| Zeaxanthin (Leya et al., 2009) | ||||||
| Chlorosarcinopsis | ereme | D (Boichenko and Hoffmann, 1994) | ||||
| Chodatella | balatonica | D (Boichenko and Hoffmann, 1994) | ||||
| Coelastrella | striolata | Canthaxanthin (Abe et al., 2007) | ||||
| Astaxanthin (Abe et al,. 2007) | ||||||
| β-carotene (Abe et al., 2007) | ||||||
| Coelastrum | microporum | FS (Opuszynski, 1981) | ||||
| proboscideum | D (Bishop et al., 1977) | Lutein (Del Campo et al., 2000) | ||||
| Coccomyxa | lacustris | D (Boichenko and Hoffmann, 1994) | ||||
| Cosmarium | botrytis | D (Brand et al., 1989) | ||||
| turpinii | D (Brand et al., 1989) | |||||
| Desmococcus | olivaceus | Extract w antimicrobial and anticancer activity (Ördög et al., 2004) | ||||
| Desmodesmus | spp. | D (Timmins et al., 2009a) | D (Timmins et al., 2009a) | |||
| subspicatus | D (Skjånes et al., 2008) | D (Skjånes et al., 2008) | ||||
| quadricauda | D (Healey, 1970) (Scenedesmus) | |||||
| Dictyococcus | pseudovarians | D (Boichenko and Hoffmann, 1994) | ||||
| Dunaliella | sp. | NP (Finney et al., 1984, Pulz and Gross, 2004, Yamaguchi, 1997) | BP, BS, MR, PL (Apt and Behrens, 1999, D'Souza and Loneragan, 1999, Lavens and Sorgeloos, 1996, Pulz and Gross, 2004) | Glutathione (Li et al., 2004) | ||
| Glycerol (Kaçka and Dönmez, 2008) | ||||||
| bardawil | NP (Mokady et al., 1989) | FS (Shpigel et al., 2006) | β-carotene (Rabbani et al., 1998) | |||
| Extract w anti-tumor effect (Fujii et al., 1993) | ||||||
| Hexadecatetraenoic acid (Fried et al., 1982) | ||||||
| Linoleic acid (Fried et al., 1982) | ||||||
| α-linolenic acid (Fried et al., 1982) | ||||||
| primolecta | y-linolenic acid (Ohta et al., 1995) | |||||
| Pheophoride-like comp w anti-virus activity (Ohta et al., 1995) | ||||||
| salina | NP (Pulz and Gross, 2004, Raja et al., 2008) | NS (Raja et al., 2008) | β-carotene (Coesel et al., 2008, Hejazi and Wijffels, 2003) | |||
| Zeaxanthin (Bhosale and Bernstein, 2005) | ||||||
| Extract w protective effect against fibrosarcoma (Raja et al., 2007) | ||||||
| Extract w antimicrobial activity (Herrero et al., 2006) | ||||||
| Glycerol (Hadi et al., 2008) | ||||||
| α-linolenic acid (Ben-Amotz et al., 1985) | ||||||
| tertiolecta | BL, FS (Carballo-Cárdenas et al., 2003) | Lutein (Barbosa et al., 2005) | ||||
| β-carotene (Barbosa et al., 2005) | ||||||
| Vitamin C (Barbosa et al., 2005) | ||||||
| Vitamin E (Carballo-Cárdenas et al., 2003) | ||||||
| Extract w central nervous system effect (Villar et al., 1992) | ||||||
| Hexadecatetraenoic acid (D'Souza and Loneragan, 1999, Gouveia and Oliveira, 2009) | ||||||
| α-linolenic acid (D'Souza and Loneragan, 1999, Gouveia and Oliveira, 2009) | ||||||
| Linoleic acid (Gouveia and Oliveira, 2009) | ||||||
| Eudorina | elegans | D (Brand et al., 1989) | FS (Opuszynski, 1981) | |||
| Golenkinia | sp. | D (Boichenko and Hoffmann, 1994) | ||||
| Gonium | sociale | D (Brand et al., 1989) | ||||
| Haematococcus | spp. | D (Boichenko and Hoffmann, 1994) | NP (Lorenz et al., 2000, Raja et al., 2008) | NS (Lorenz et al., 2000, Pulz and Gross, 2004) | Astaxanthin (Ceron et al., 2007, He et al., 2007, Jin et al., 2006, Kang et al., 2005, Lorenz et al., 2000) | |
| droebakensis | D (Brand et al., 1989) | |||||
| lacustris | Canthaxanthin (Chattopadhyay et al., 2008) | |||||
| Astaxanthin (Chattopadhyay et al., 2008) | ||||||
| pluvalis | D (Boichenko and Hoffmann, 1994) | NP (Pulz and Gross, 2004, Raja et al., 2008) | FS (Choubert et al., 2006, Raja et al., 2008) | Astaxanthin (Domínguez-Bocanegra et al., 2004, Kang et al., 2005, Zhekisheva et al., 2005) | ||
| Halochlorococcum | sp. | D (Boichenko and Hoffmann, 1994) | ||||
| saccatum | D (Greenbaum et al., 1983) | |||||
| Kirchneriella | lunaris | D (Bishop et al., 1977) | ||||
| obesa | D (Boichenko and Hoffmann, 1994) | |||||
| Lobochlamys | culleus | D (Meuser et al., 2009) | D (Meuser et al., 2009) | |||
| segnis | D (Winkler et al., 2002) | |||||
| Micromonas | sp | BL, BP (Lavens and Sorgeloos, 1996, Raja et al., 2008) | ||||
| pusilla | BL (Martinez-Fernandez and Southgate, 2007, Martinez-Fernandez et al., 2006) | α-Linolenic acid (Martinez-Fernandez et al., 2006) | ||||
| Stearidonic acid (Martinez-Fernandez et al., 2006) | ||||||
| Neoxanthin (Egeland et al., 1995) | ||||||
| Prasonoxanthin (Egeland et al., 1995) | ||||||
| Micromonal (pigment) (Egeland et al., 1995, Latasa et al., 2004) | ||||||
| Monoraphidium | Astaxanthin (Fujii et al., 2008) | |||||
| Muriella | aurantiaca | Lutein (Del Campo et al., 2000) | ||||
| Muriellopsis | sp. | Lutein (Blanco et al., 2007, Del Campo et al., 2000) | ||||
| α-Linolenic acid (Blanco et al., 2007) | ||||||
| Nannochloris | sp. | BP, MR, SC (de Pauw and Persoone, 1988) | Eicosapentaenoic acid (Ben-Amotz et al., 1985) | |||
| atomus | Eicosapentaenoic acid (Reitan et al., 1994) | |||||
| α-Linolenic acid (Reitan et al., 1994) | ||||||
| Arachidonic acid (Reitan et al., 1994) | ||||||
| Linoleic acid (Reitan et al., 1994) | ||||||
| oculata | MR, BS (Duerr et al., 1998) | |||||
| Neochloris | minuta | D (Boichenko and Hoffmann, 1994) | ||||
| oleaobundans | BP (Barnhart, 2006, Gatenby et al., 2003) | Linoleic acid (Gatenby et al., 2003) | ||||
| Linolenic acid (Gatenby et al., 2003) | ||||||
| Neospongiococcum | spp. | Astaxanthin (Borowitzka, 1988) | ||||
| Canthaxanthin (Borowitzka, 1988) | ||||||
| gelatinosum | Lutein (Del Campo et al., 2000) | |||||
| Oocystis | sp. | D (Skjånes et al., 2008) | BL, BS (Myrand and de la Noüe, 1983) | α-Linolenic acid (Patil et al., 2007) | ||
| Linoleic acid (Patil et al., 2007) | ||||||
| elliptica | FS (Opuszynski, 1981) | |||||
| parva | D (Boichenko and Hoffmann, 1994) | |||||
| Pandorina | morum | D (Brand et al., 1989) | FS (Elliott et al., 2008, Opuszynski, 1981) | |||
| Parachlorella | kessleri | D (Kessler, 1974) | ||||
| (Chlorella) | ||||||
| Parietochloris | incisa | Arachidonic acid (Zhang et al., 2002a) | ||||
| Pediastrum | boryanum | D (Boichenko and Hoffmann, 1994) | FS (Opuszynski, 1981) | |||
| duplex | FS (Opuszynski, 1981) | |||||
| Platymonas | striata | Lutein (Egeland et al., 1997) | ||||
| subcordiformis | D (Guan et al., 2004) | D (Guan et al., 2004) | PL, BL, BP, AL, BS, MR (Lavens and Sorgeloos, 1996, Tang et al., 2006) | Lutein (Egeland et al., 1997) | ||
| (Tetraselmis) | Violaxanthin (Egeland et al., 1997) | |||||
| tetrahele | Lutein (Egeland et al., 1997) | |||||
| Neoxanthin (Egeland et al., 1997) | ||||||
| Prototheca | moriformis | Vitamin C (Running et al., 2002) | ||||
| Pseudokirchneriella | subcapitata | D (Skjånes et al., 2008) | BS, MR (Belgis and Guido, 2003) | α-Linolenic acid (Patil et al., 2007) | ||
| Linoleic acid (Patil et al., 2007) | ||||||
| Pseudospongiococcum | protococcoides | D (Boichenko and Hoffmann, 1994) | ||||
| Pyramimonas | sp | BL, BP (Lavens and Sorgeloos, 1996, Raja et al., 2008) | Docosahexaenoic acid (Tzovenis et al., 2009) | |||
| Lutein (Egeland et al., 1997) | ||||||
| amylifera | β-carotene (Egeland et al., 1997) | |||||
| Siphonaxanthin (Egeland et al., 1997) | ||||||
| cf. cordata | Sterols (Ponomarenko et al., 2004) | |||||
| obovata | β-carotene (Egeland et al., 1997) | |||||
| urceolata | Lutein (Egeland et al., 1997) | |||||
| Scenedesmus | sp | FS, FZ, MR, BR (de Pauw and Persoone, 1988, Pulz and Gross, 2004, Turker et al., 2003) | Extract w antimicrobial and anticancer activity (Shon et al., 2004, Ördög et al., 2004) | |||
| Mycosporine-like amino acids (Xiong et al., 1999) | ||||||
| acutiformis | D (Soeder and Hegewald, 1988) | |||||
| acutus | NP (Kim et al., 2007) | FS (Kim et al., 2007) | α-linolenic acid (Ahlgren et al., 1992) | |||
| Vitamin B (Borowitzka, 1988) | ||||||
| Vitamin C (Borowitzka, 1988) | ||||||
| Vitamin E (Borowitzka, 1988) | ||||||
| almeriensis | Lutein (Ceron et al., 2008, Sánchez et al., 2008) | |||||
| armatus | D (Soeder and Hegewald, 1988) | Lutein (Tukaj et al., 2003) | ||||
| bicellularis | D (Soeder and Hegewald, 1988) | |||||
| communis | D (Soeder and Hegewald, 1988) | |||||
| komarekii | D (Soeder and Hegewald, 1988) | |||||
| obliquus | D (Gaffron and Rubin, 1942) | Astaxanthin (Qin et al., 2008) | ||||
| Vitamin B (Borowitzka, 1988) | ||||||
| Vitamin C (Borowitzka, 1988) | ||||||
| Vitamin E (Borowitzka, 1988) | ||||||
| Hexadecatetraenoic acid (Becker, 2004b) | ||||||
| α-Linolenic acid (Becker, 2004b) | ||||||
| Linoleic acid (Gouveia and Oliveira, 2009) | ||||||
| quadricauda | D (Healey, 1970) | NP (Kim et al., 2007) | FS (Kim et al., 2007, Opuszynski, 1981) | Haemagglutinin (Chu et al., 2004) | ||
| (Desmodesmus) | α-linolenic acid (Ahlgren et al., 1992) | |||||
| Sulfonated polysaccharide (Mohamed, 2008) | ||||||
| Vitamin B (Becker, 2004b) | ||||||
| Vitamin C (Becker, 2004b) | ||||||
| Vitamin E (Becker, 2004b) | ||||||
| Extract w antimicrobial/ antifungal activity (Abedin and Taha , 2008) | ||||||
| spinosus | NP (Kim et al., 2007) | FS (Kim et al., 2007) | ||||
| Scotiella | chlorelloidea | Mycosporine-like amino acids (Xiong et al., 1999) | ||||
| nivalis | D (Boichenko and Hoffmann, 1994) | |||||
| Selenastrum | sp. | D (Boichenko and Hoffmann, 1994) | ||||
| capricornutum | Haemagglutinin (Chu et al., 2004) | |||||
| gracile | D (Kessler, 1974) | |||||
| Stichococcus | sp. | Mycosporine-like amino acids (Karsten et al., 2007) | ||||
| Tetraedron | sp. | FS (Turker et al., 2003) | ||||
| bitridens | D (Brand et al., 1989) | |||||
| caudatum | D (Boichenko and Hoffmann, 1994) | |||||
| Tetracystis | intermedium | Lutein (Del Campo et al., 2000) | ||||
| tetrasporum | Lutein (Del Campo et al., 2000) | |||||
| Tetraselmis | sp | PL, BL, BP, AL, BS, MR, SC (D'Souza and Loneragan, 1999, Lavens and Sorgeloos, 1996, Puello-Cruz et al., 2009, Raja et al., 2008, Zmora et al., 2005) | Eicosapentaenoic acid (Patil et al., 2007, Reitan et al., 1994, Tzovenis et al., 2009) | |||
| α-Linolenic acid (Patil et al., 2007, Reitan et al., 1994) | ||||||
| β-carotene (Egeland et al., 1995) | ||||||
| Lutein (Egeland et al., 1995) | ||||||
| Violoaxanthin (Egeland et al., 1995) | ||||||
| Neoxanthin (Egeland et al., 1995) | ||||||
| chui | FS, BS, SC, MR, PL (Cunha et al., 2008, Duerr et al., 1998) | |||||
| kochinensis | D (Bhosale et al., 2009) | |||||
| subcordiformis | D (Guan et al., 2004) | D (Guan et al., 2004) | BL, BP (Duerr et al., 1998) | |||
| suecica | BL, FS, PL, SC, MR, BS (Carballo-Cárdenas et al., 2003, D'Souza and Kelly,. 2000, Dahl et al., 2009, Puello-Cruz et al., 2009, Seixas et al., 2008, Souto et al., 2008) | Vitamin E (Carballo-Cárdenas et al., 2003) | ||||
| Sterols (Cardozo et al., 2007) | ||||||
| Linoleic acid (D'Souza and Loneragan, 1999) | ||||||
| α-Linolenic acid (D'Souza and Loneragan, 1999) | ||||||
| Stearidonic acid (D'Souza and Loneragan, 1999) | ||||||
| Eicosapentaenoic acid (D'Souza and Loneragan, 1999) | ||||||
| Hexadecatetraenoic acid (D'Souza and Loneragan, 1999) | ||||||
| tetrahele | FS, BS, SC, MR (Duerr et al., 1998) | |||||
| wettsteinii | β -carotene (Egeland et al., 1995) | |||||
| Lutein (Egeland et al., 1995) | ||||||
| Tetraspora | sp. | D (Maneeruttanarungroj et al., 2010) | D (Maneeruttanarungroj et al., 2010) | |||
| cylindrica | Hexadecaedienoic acid (Ghazala et al., 2004) | |||||
| Heptadecaedienoic acid (Ghazala et al., 2004) | ||||||
| Trimethyl dodecatrienoic acid (Ghazala et al., 2004) | ||||||
| Extracts w antifungal, antibacterial and phytotoxic activity (Ghazala et al., 2004) | ||||||
| gelatinosa | Trimethyl dodecatrienoic acid (Ghazala et al., 2004) | |||||
| Heptadecatrienoic acid (Ghazala et al., 2004) | ||||||
| Pentadecatetraenoate (Ghazala et al., 2004) | ||||||
| Extracts w phytotoxic activity (Ghazala et al., 2004) |
The metabolites are produced under different culturing conditions, see text.
D, detected; NP, human consumption for nutritional purposes; HF, hen feed; PL, penaeid shrimp larvae feed; BL, bivalve mollusc larvae feed; ML, freshwater prawn larvae feed; BP, bivalve mollusc postlarvae feed; AL, abalone larvae feed; MR, marine rotifers feed; BS, brine shrimp feed; SC, saltwater copepods feed; FZ, freshwater zooplankton feed; FS, fish feed; NS, organisms not specified.
†
Some of the species might have changed names since the cited work was published. This has not been taken into account in this study, although in some cases synonyms are presented in parentheses below species names.
‡
Hydrogen production and hydrogen production during sulfur deprivation, refers to species where hydrogen production has been detected, or where expression of hydrogenase enzyme has been seen.
§
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA): Hexadecatetraenoic acid 16:4 (ω-3), α-linolenic acid (ALA) 18:3 (ω-3), Stearidonic acid (STD) 18:4 (ω-3), Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 20:5 (ω-3), Eicosatrienoic acid (ETA) 20:3 (ω-3), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 22:6 (ω-3), γ-linolenic acid (GLA) 18:3 (ω-6), Linoleic acid (LA) 18:2 (ω-6), Arachidonic acid (AA) 20:4(ω-6), Trimethyl-dodecatrienoate (15:3), Hexadecaedienoic acid (16:2), Heptadecaedienoic acid (17:2), Heptadecatrienoic acid (17:3), Pentadecatetraenoic acid (15:4).
#
Valuable metabolites listed in the table include components that are either produced in high amounts under stress conditions, or components that are produced under environmental conditions optimal for growth. In the case of carotenoids and fatty acids, the listed variants of these are in some cases produced in high amounts by the specific algae compared to the production by other algae species, in other cases represent dominant variants within the strain. See cited papers for details in each case.