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Left image: original MRI brain transaxial image. (a) Balanced diagonal elements result in global rescaling. (b) Unbalanced diagonal elements produce anisotropic rescaling along the y-axis. (c) Unbalanced diagonal elements produce anisotropic rescaling along the x-axis. (d) Specific balanced relations between off-diagonal elements in the matrix produce rotations. (e) An unbalance change in the off-diagonal elements resulting in shears along one of the two axes.
