Table 4.
PHQ-8 depression by opioid morphine equivalent daily dose.a
| Opioid Morphine Equivalent Daily Dose | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables included in adjusted model b |
1-19mg | 20-49mg | 50-119mg | 120+mg | p-value |
|
PHQ-8 score - adjusted least
square mean (SE of the mean) |
|||||
| Adjusted for health plan | 7.3 (0.43) | 9.1 (0.43) | 10.0 (0.32) | 11.5 (0.30) | <.001 |
| Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education, pain intensity, pain days, Charlson Score, Pain Impact Scale, opioid type, selfreported substance problem, health plan |
8.9 (0.41) | 9.7 (0.33) | 9.9 (0.26) | 10.8 (0.32) | 0.008 |
|
Percent with major
depression (PHQ-8 ≥10) |
26.8 | 38.5 | 51.7 | 61.4 | <.001 |
| Odds ratio adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education, pain intensity, pain days, Charlson Score, Pain Impact Scale, opioid type, self-reported substance problem, health plan (95% CI) |
1.00 | 1.4 (0.8, 2.3) |
2.1 (1.3, 3.3) |
2.6 (1.5, 4.4) |
0.002 |
a
P-values and standard errors corrected for stratified design. Least square means adjusted for indicated variables.
b
Sex, dose, education, health plan, self-reported substance problem and opioid type entered in the model as class variables; remaining variables are continuous