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. 2013 May 29;7:224. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00224

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Copyright © 2013 Shaqiri, Anderson and Danckert.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc.

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Upper panel: representation of the nonsense language task. Participants heard a constant stream of nonsense syllables (no temporal gaps between syllables) for ∼10 min. Afterward they make forced-choice discriminations of “words” and “non-words” constructed from the same syllables. Words are defined by transitional probabilities with syllable pairs within word boundaries having 100% association (ku always follows da) and between word boundaries having 33% probability across all other syllables. Lower panels: forced-choice discrimination performance for two nonsense languages. HCs (orange) clearly perform above chance (red dotted line) on both languages. Neither the RBD (purple) or neglect (green) patients can discriminate the languages – task that was well performed by 8-month-old infants (data from Anderson and Danckert, 2013; Shaqiri et al., in preparation).