Table 1.
Comparison of Patient Characteristics by Racial Composition of the Patient-Provider Relationship (N = 597)*
| Patient Characteristics** | All Patients (N = 597) | Race-Concordant Relationship† (n = 390) | Race-Discordant Relationship‡ (n = 207) | p* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (± SD) Range: 24–89 years | 57.3 (12.3) | 57.4 (12.7) | 58.6 (13.4) | 0.30 |
| Female: n (%) | 411 (69) | 262 (67) | 149 (72) | 0.26 |
| Marital status: n (%)* | ||||
| Single | 155 (26) | 92 (24) | 63 (30) | |
| Married | 145 (24) | 104 (27) | 41 (20) | 0.05 |
| Divorced/Separated | 173 (29) | 115 (30) | 58 (28) | |
| Widowed | 85 (14) | 48 (12) | 37 (18) | |
| Education: n (%) | ||||
| < High school | 227 (38) | 148 (38) | 79 (38) | 0.89 |
| High school | 199 (33) | 128 (33) | 71 (34) | |
| Some college | 171 (29) | 114 (29) | 57 (28) | |
| Unemployed: n (%) | 378 (63) | 240 (62) | 138 (67) | 0.24 |
| Income (%) | ||||
| ≤ $20,000 | 398 (67) | 261 (67) | 137 (66) | 0.41 |
| Insurance status: n (%) | ||||
| None | 53 (9) | 37 (10) | 16 (8) | |
| HMO/Private | 108 (18) | 65 (17) | 43 (21) | |
| Medicare | 158 (26) | 103 (26) | 55 (27) | 0.56 |
| Medicaid | 242 (41) | 164 (42) | 78 (38) | |
| Comorbidity score: n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 107 (18) | 74 (19) | 33 (16) | |
| 1 | 128 (21) | 79 (20) | 49 (24) | 0.61 |
| 2 | 133 (22) | 89 (23) | 44 (21) | |
| 3 or more | 206 (35) | 131 (34) | 75 (36) | |
| Comorbity: n (%) | ||||
| Congestive Heart Failure | 76 (13) | 49 (13) | 27 (13) | 0.97 |
| Stroke | 57 (10) | 31 (8) | 26 (13) | 0.09 |
| Myocardial Infarction | 51 (9) | 35 (9) | 16 (8) | 0.54 |
| Diabetes | 185 (31) | 110 (28) | 75 (36) | 0.07 |
| Mean blood pressure (± SD) | ||||
| Systolic BP (Range: 114–211mm Hg) | 151 (15.7) | 151 (15.3) | 151 (16.3) | 0.36 |
| Diastolic BP (Range: 67–141mm Hg) | 91 (10.9) | 91 (10.9) | 90 (10.9) | 0.86 |
| Mean N of meds (± SD) Range: 1–5 | 1.94 (0.9) | 1.88 (0.89) | 2.05 (1.04) | 0.09 |
| Seeing current provider ≥ 1 yr: n (%) | 526 (88) | 345 (89) | 181 (87) | 0.71 |
| Raw mean communication score¥ Range: 1–4 | 1.75 (0.73) | 1.81 (0.75) | 1.63 (0.67) | 0.007 |
| Mean adherence score Range: 0 – 4 | 2.86 (1.23) | 2.88 (1.22) | 2.81 (1.26) | 0.36 |
| % non-adherent | 59.0 | 58.3 | 60.0 | 0.38 |
*
p values for t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square for categorical variables
**
Values for marital status, insurance status, and comorbidity score do not add to the total sample size for each column due to missing data
†
Black patient and black provider
‡
Black patient and white provider
¥
Lower scores are indicative of more collaborative provider communication