Table 1.
Characteristics of adults living in unstable housing at year 5 (1990–1991; CARDIA, N = 4,342)
| Characteristics | Unstable housing (N (%)) | Stable housing (N (%)) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| All participants (N = 4,342) | 370 (8.5) | 3,972 (91.5) | |
| Age (mean (SD)) | 29.0 (3.6) | 30.1 (3.6) | <0.001 |
| Low annual income (<$24,999/year) | 210 (58.5) | 1,426 (36.5) | <0.001 |
| High school or less | 255 (68.9) | 2,102 (52.9) | <0.001 |
| Married or partnered | 199 (53.8) | 2,129 (53.6) | 0.9 |
| No children | 151 (41.0) | 2,001 (50.6) | <0.001 |
| Have children but not living at home | 24 (6.5) | 284 (7.2) | |
| Have children and living at home | 193 (52.5) | 1,673 (42.3) | |
| Tobacco use (current or former) | 212 (57.3) | 2,316 (58.3) | 0.7 |
| Cocaine use (current or former) | 54 (14.8) | 309 (7.9) | <0.001 |
| Amphetamine use (current or former) | 80 (21.9) | 1,034 (26.3) | 0.07 |
| Excess alcohol use (current or former) | 34 (11.9) | 291 (8.8) | 0.08 |
| BMI (mean (SD)) | 27.1(6.8) | 26.1 (5.8) | <0.001 |
| White women (N = 1,179) | 59 (15.9) | 1,120 (28.2) | |
| Age (mean (SD)) | 29.2 (3.7) | 30.6 (3.4) | <0.003 |
| Low annual income (<$24,999/year) | 28 (48.3) | 278 (25.1) | <0.001 |
| High school or less | 35 (59.3) | 414 (36.9) | <0.001 |
| Married or partnered | 37 (62.7) | 712 (63.6) | 0.9 |
| No children | 30 (50.9) | 660 (59.0) | 0.2 |
| Have children but not living at home | 0 (0.0) | 26 (2.3) | |
| Have children and living at home | 29 (49.2) | 432 (38.6) | |
| Tobacco use (current or former) | 37 (62.7) | 684 (61.1) | 0.8 |
| Cocaine use (current or former) | 3 (5.2) | 37 (3.3) | 0.4 |
| Amphetamine use (current or former) | 24 (40.7) | 417 (37.5) | 0.6 |
| Excess alcohol use (current or former) | 2 (4.9) | 70 (7.1) | 0.6 |
| BMI (mean (SD)) | 27.3 (7.4) | 24.2 (5.1) | <0.001 |
| White men (N = 1,052) | 69 (18.7) | 983 (24.8) | |
| Age (mean (SD)) | 28.6 (3.2) | 30.6 (3.3) | <0.001 |
| Low annual income (<$24,999/year) | 34 (50.8) | 254 (26.1) | <0.001 |
| High school or less | 41 (59.4) | 408 (41.5) | <0.004 |
| Married or partnered | 30 (43.5) | 549 (55.9) | <0.05 |
| No children | 47 (68.1) | 653 (66.7) | 0.5 |
| Have children but not living at home | 5 (7.3) | 44 (4.5) | |
| Have children and living at home | 17 (24.6) | 283 (28.9) | |
| Tobacco use (current or former) | 45 (65.2) | 627 (63.8) | 0.8 |
| Cocaine use (current or former) | 8 (11.6) | 50 (5.1) | <0.02 |
| Amphetamine use (current or former) | 26 (37.7) | 385 (39.5) | 0.8 |
| Excess alcohol use (current or former) | 9 (14.5) | 75 (8.4) | 0.1 |
| BMI (mean (SD)) | 25.6 (5.3) | 25.6 (4.1) | 0.9 |
| Black women (N = 1,212) | 142 (38.4) | 1,070 (26.9) | |
| Age (mean (SD)) | 29.2 (3.7) | 29.6 (3.9) | 0.2 |
| Low annual income (<$24,999/year) | 84 (61.3) | 537 (51.2) | <0.03 |
| High school or less | 105 (73.9) | 707 (66.1) | 0.06 |
| Married or partnered | 80 (56.3) | 472 (44.1) | <0.006 |
| No children | 36 (25.4) | 375 (35.3) | <0.02 |
| Have children but not living at home | 3 (2.1) | 48 (4.5) | |
| Have children and living at home | 103 (72.5) | 640 (60.2) | |
| Tobacco use (current or former) | 64 (45.1) | 550 (51.5) | 0.2 |
| Cocaine use (current or former) | 14 (10.0) | 93 (8.8) | 0.6 |
| Amphetamine use (current or former) | 11 (7.9) | 120 (11.3) | 0.2 |
| Excess alcohol use (current or former) | 10 (9.4) | 60 (7.6) | 0.5 |
| BMI (mean (SD)) | 28.8 (7.9) | 28.1 (7.4) | 0.3 |
| Black men (N = 899) | 100 (27.0) | 799 (20.1) | |
| Age (mean (SD)) | 28.8 (3.7) | 29.3 (3.7) | 0.2 |
| Low annual income (<$24,999/year) | 64 (65.9) | 357 (45.7) | <0.001 |
| High school or less | 74 (74.0) | 573 (71.8) | 0.6 |
| Married or partnered | 52 (52.0) | 396 (49.6) | 0.6 |
| No children | 38 (38.8) | 313 (39.3) | 0.5 |
| Have children but not living at home | 16 (16.3) | 166 (20.8) | |
| Have children and living at home | 44 (44.9) | 318 (39.9) | |
| Tobacco use (current or former) | 66 (66.0) | 455 (56.9) | 0.08 |
| Cocaine use (current or former) | 29 (29.3) | 129 (16.4) | <0.002 |
| Amphetamine use (current or former) | 19 (19.4) | 112 (14.2) | 0.2 |
| Excess alcohol use (current or former) | 13 (16.7) | 86 (13.0) | 0.4 |
| BMI (mean (SD)) | 25.7 (4.9) | 26.5 (5.3) | 0.1 |
For each characteristic, percent represent column percentages. For some characteristics, due to item non-response, percentages are higher than expected