Table 3.
Unadjusted odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for injecting risk behaviors in the two cities visited for the longest duration (prior 3 months)
| Characteristic | Injecting status (yes/no) | Ancillary equipment sharing (yes/no) | Receptive needle sharing (yes/no) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Among all city visits (n = 350) | Among city visits where injecting was reported (n = 200) | ||||||||
| Odds ratio | 95 % confidence intervals | p value | Odds ratio | 95 % confidence intervals | p value | Odds ratio | 95 % confidence intervals | p value | |
| Participant characteristics | |||||||||
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Female | 1.06 | (0.59, 1.92) | 0.84 | 1.86 | (0.87, 3.99) | 0.11 | 1.57 | (0.79, 3.14) | 0.20 |
| Transgender/other | 3.83 | (1.08, 13.56) | 0.04 | 0.92 | (0.44, 1.92) | 0.83 | 0.35 | (0.05, 2.56) | 0.30 |
| Age | |||||||||
| ≥25 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 20–24 years | 0.85 | (0.44, 1.65) | 0.63 | 0.89 | (0.41, 1.93) | 0.76 | 1.03 | (0.46, 2.29) | 0.94 |
| ≤19 years | 0.99 | (0.41, 2.36) | 0.98 | 2.46 | (1.06, 5.71) | 0.04 | 1.71 | (0.66, 4.45) | 0.27 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| White | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Race other than white | 0.80 | (0.37, 1.76) | 0.59 | 0.31 | (0.11, 0.89) | 0.03 | 0.51 | (0.19, 1.37) | 0.18 |
| Self-identified as a traveler | 0.76 | (0.18, 3.14) | 0.70 | 0.48 | (0.15, 1.52) | 0.21 | 0.56 | (0.11, 2.93) | 0.49 |
| Did not have a permanent home to return to | 1.53 | (0.85, 2.74) | 0.16 | 1.33 | (0.53, 3.30) | 0.54 | 1.88 | (0.80, 4.46) | 0.15 |
| Incarcerated in jail or juvenile hall (prior 3 months) | 1.78 | (1.00, 3.17) | 0.05 | 1.23 | (0.63, 2.39) | 0.55 | 0.89 | (0.47, 1.66) | 0.71 |
| Injected daily | 1.19 | (0.63, 2.24) | 0.59 | 0.63 | (0.33, 1.18) | 0.15 | |||
| Alcohol use | |||||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Non-daily | 1.07 | (0.57, 2.00) | 0.84 | 3.67 | (1.78, 7.55) | <0.01 | 1.70 | (0.69, 4.17) | 0.25 |
| Daily/almost daily | 1.06 | (0.57, 1.97) | 0.86 | 2.41 | (1.15, 5.08) | 0.02 | 1.27 | (0.53, 3.06) | 0.60 |
| Number of cities visited (prior 3 months) | |||||||||
| 1–2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 3–4 | 1.30 | (0.71, 2.37) | 0.40 | 0.89 | (0.41, 1.91) | 0.76 | 1.30 | (0.60, 2.82) | 0.51 |
| ≥5 | 0.96 | (0.54, 1.73) | 0.90 | 1.34 | (0.61, 2.99) | 0.47 | 1.97 | (0.95, 4.12) | 0.07 |
| City characteristics | |||||||||
| Region visited (excluding cities outside USA) | |||||||||
| West | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Midwest | 0.36 | (0.14, 0.92) | 0.03 | 1.94 | (0.58, 6.54) | 0.28 | 0.31 | (0.04, 2.70) | 0.29 |
| East | 1.21 | (0.57, 2.59) | 0.62 | 0.95 | (0.35, 2.56) | 0.92 | 2.17 | (0.76, 6.14) | 0.15 |
| Population | |||||||||
| <50,000 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 50,000–500,000 | 1.74 | (0.93, 3.25) | 0.09 | 2.08 | (0.68, 6.35) | 0.20 | 3.29 | (0.75, 14.51) | 0.12 |
| >500,000–1,000,000 | 7.48 | (3.51, 15.92) | <0.01 | 4.10 | (1.40, 11.96) | <0.01 | 4.69 | (1.13, 19.45) | 0.03 |
| >1,000,000 | 2.63 | (0.89, 7.81) | 0.08 | 2.36 | (0.62, 8.97) | 0.21 | 2.68 | (0.48, 14.83) | 0.26 |
| Syringe exchange program available | 2.64 | (1.56, 4.49) | <0.01 | 0.80 | (0.42, 1.51) | 0.49 | 0.96 | (0.48, 1.92) | 0.91 |
| Travel partner characteristics | |||||||||
| Number of travel partners (prior 3 months) | |||||||||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 1 | 0.72 | (0.33, 1.58) | 0.42 | 1.76 | (0.66, 4.70) | 0.26 | 1.56 | (0.47, 5.13) | 0.47 |
| >1 | 0.95 | (0.50, 1.79) | 0.86 | 2.04 | (0.85, 4.88) | 0.11 | 2.48 | (0.90, 6.82) | 0.08 |
| Number of male travel partners (prior 3 months) | |||||||||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 1 | 0.52 | (0.26, 1.04) | 0.07 | 1.82 | (0.77, 4.30) | 0.17 | 2.03 | (0.70, 5.89) | 0.19 |
| >1 | 0.94 | (0.51, 1.73) | 0.84 | 2.02 | (0.99, 4.12) | 0.05 | 2.43 | (0.95, 6.20) | 0.06 |
| Number of female travel partners (prior 3 months) | |||||||||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 1 | 0.91 | (0.49, 1.68) | 0.75 | 1.19 | (0.52, 2.70) | 0.68 | 1.35 | (0.56, 3.27) | 0.51 |
| >1 | 1.57 | (0.78, 3.13) | 0.20 | 1.46 | (0.64, 3.37) | 0.37 | 1.09 | (0.52, 2.32) | 0.81 |
| Age of youngest travel partner (prior 3 months) | |||||||||
| Under 20 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 20–24 years | 0.89 | (0.47, 1.70) | 0.73 | 1.42 | (0.69, 2.93) | 0.35 | 1.76 | (0.83, 3.75) | 0.14 |
| 25 and over | 0.42 | (0.16, 1.13) | 0.09 | 0.53 | (0.13, 2.07) | 0.36 | 0.85 | (0.21, 3.48) | 0.82 |
| Age of oldest travel partner (prior 3 months) | |||||||||
| Under 20 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 20–24 years | 1.38 | (0.38, 4.99) | 0.63 | 0.30 | (0.03, 3.07) | 0.31 | 1.55 | (0.13, 19.14) | 0.73 |
| 25 and older | 1.39 | (0.40, 4.89) | 0.60 | 0.35 | (0.03, 3.53) | 0.37 | 1.82 | (0.18, 18.52) | 0.61 |
| Number of travel partners who were also sex partners (prior 3 months) | |||||||||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 1 | 0.73 | (0.41, 1.30) | 0.28 | 1.59 | (0.67, 3.80) | 0.30 | 1.60 | (0.70, 3.65) | 0.26 |
| >1 | 1.46 | (0.72, 2.96) | 0.30 | 0.51 | (0.21, 1.27) | 0.15 | 0.73 | (0.24, 2.16) | 0.56 |
| Number of travel partners who were also injecting partners (prior 3 months) | |||||||||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 1 | 1.40 | (0.76, 2.59) | 0.28 | 2.30 | (0.93, 5.72) | 0.07 | 2.80 | (1.10, 7.09) | 0.03 |
| >1 | 2.95 | (1.63, 5.34) | <0.01 | 1.94 | (0.89, 4.23) | 0.10 | 2.23 | (0.95, 5.27) | 0.07 |