Table 4.
Multilevel models predicting health behavior change (Wave 2 – Wave 1).
| Multilevel Logistic Model (in odds) | Multilevel Poisson Model (in incident rates) |
Multilevel Linear Model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initiate Smoking (btw Wave 1 and Wave 2) |
Quit Smoking (btw Wave 1 and Wave 2) |
Excessive Drinking (Wave 2) |
Smoking Frequency (Wave 2) |
Exercise Frequency (Wave 2) |
Perceived Adequate Time for Sleep (Wave 2) |
Perceived Adequate Time for Healthy Meals (Wave 2) |
|
| Level One: Individual Level | |||||||
| Lagged Dependent Variable | 18.12*** (5.96) | 1.30*** (0.04) | 1.28*** (0.02) | 0.57*** (0.03) | 0.49*** (0.03) | ||
| Woman | 2.77 (1.73) | 0.56 (0.43) | 0.52* (0.17) | 1.13 (0.16) | 1.12+ (0.07) | 0.29+ (0.16) | 0.16 (0.16) |
| Holds a Manager Position | 0.16+ (0.17) | 1.92 (1.57) | 1.27 (0.43) | 1.01 (0.16) | 0.93 (0.06) | −0.16 (0.18) | −0.33+ (0.18) |
| Home Ecologies (Wave 1, Ref. = Singles, High Home Control) | |||||||
| Adult Care Providers, Low Home Control | 2.21 (1.83) | 0.00 (0.00) | 1.34 (0.72) | 1.02 (0.26) | 1.05 (0.10) | −0.36 (0.28) | −0.41 (0.28) |
| Married, Ave. Home Control | 0.79 (0.57) | 0.44 (0.37) | 2.32* (0.93) | 1.49** (0.23) | 0.96 (0.07) | 0.22 (0.20) | 0.22 (0.20) |
| Parents, Preschooler, Low Home Control | 1.54 (1.45) | 0.90 (0.96) | 1.51 (0.84) | 1.12 (0.30) | 0.88 (0.10) | −0.07 (0.27) | −0.29 (0.27) |
| Parents, Child Chronic Health, Low Home Control | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.70 (0.92) | 1.72 (1.27) | 1.73* (0.37) | 0.77+ (0.12) | 0.17 (0.36) | −0.33 (0.35) |
| Baseline Spillover Clusters (Ref. = Low Overall Spillover) | |||||||
| High Negative Spillover | 1.11 (0.83) | 0.45 (0.45) | 1.19 (0.49) | 0.93 (0.18) | 0.93 (0.07) | −0.49* (0.23) | −0.98*** (0.22) |
| High Positive Spillover | 0.68 (0.54) | 0.19 (0.21) | 1.31 (0.53) | 1.13 (0.19) | 0.89 (0.07) | −0.24 (0.22) | −0.50* (0.22) |
| No. of Life Events (btw Wave 1 and Wave 2) | 1.29 (0.28) | 1.31 (0.44) | 0.98 (0.14) | 0.85* (0.07) | 0.94* (0.03) | −0.09 (0.08) | −0.16* (0.08) |
| Level Two: Team Level | |||||||
| ROWE | 0.77 (0.46) | 5.35* (4.54) | 0.55+ (0.17) | 0.75* (0.11) | 1.12+ (0.07) | 0.30+ (0.17) | 0.73*** (0.17) |
| Constant | 0.02*** (0.02) | 0.20+ (0.17) | 0.07*** (0.03) | 0.87 (0.20) | 1.10 (0.11) | 2.53*** (0.34) | 3.18*** (0.33) |
| Observations | 452 | 79 | 467 | 79 | 531 | 531 | 531 |
| Number of groups | 129 | 59 | 129 | 59 | 130 | 130 | 130 |
| Team variance | – | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 |
| Individual variance | – | – | – | – | – | 3.441 | 3.359 |
| BIC | 135 | 77 | 326 | 327 | 1827 | 2251 | 2238 |
Notes: 1. The model for initiating smoking (column 1) is restricted to persons who did not smoke in Wave 1.The models for quitting smoking and smoking frequency at Wave 2 (columns 2 and 4) are restricted to persons who smoked in Wave 1. The model for excessive drinking at Wave 2 (column 3) is restricted to persons who drank in Wave 1; 2. Team variance is the variance in the outcome between teams, after adjusting for the covariates. Individual variance is the variance in the outcome within teams, after adjusting for the covariates. These two variances are only meaningful for continuous outcomes, so no corresponding figures are reported for categorical outcomes from initiating smoking to exercise frequency; 3. Standard errors in parentheses.
p < 0.001,
p < 0.01,
p < 0.05,
p < 0.1.