TABLE 2.
Breastfeeding Prevalence and Related Outcomes by Randomization Arm
| Outcome | Early Limited Formula Group (Intervention) (n = 20) | Continued Exclusive Breastfeeding (Control) (n = 20) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modified breastfeeding self-efficacy score immediately after initial intervention, mean ± SDa | 3.6 ± 0.6 | 3.5 ± 0.8 | .50 |
| Infant age at onset of mature milk production, d, mean ± SD | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 3.1 ± 1.5 | 1.00 |
| Weight loss at nadir, % birth weight, mean ± SD | 6.8 ± 1.5 | 8.1 ± 2.3 | .10 |
| Excess weight loss, ≥10% of birth weight, n (%) | 1 (5) | 4 (20) | .15 |
| Modified breastfeeding self-efficacy score at 1 wk, mean ± SD | 4.0 ± 0.7 | 3.9 ± 0.7 | .84 |
| Exclusive breastfeeding at 1 wk,b n (%) | 18 (90) | 10 (53) | .01 |
| Breastfeeding at 1 mo,b n (%) | 20 (100) | 16 (84) | .06 |
| Exclusive breastfeeding at 1 mo,b n (%) | 14 (70) | 8 (42) | .08 |
| Breastfeeding at 2 mo,c n (%) | 19 (95) | 14 (82) | .22 |
| Exclusive breastfeeding at 2 mo,c n (%) | 16 (80) | 8 (47) | .04 |
| Breastfeeding at 3 mo,d n (%) | 18 (95) | 13 (68) | .04 |
| Exclusive breastfeeding at 3 mo,d n (%) | 15 (79) | 8 (42) | .02 |
a
Items rated on a scale from 1 (“Strongly Disagree”) to 5 (“Strongly Agree”), with positive scores associated with increased breastfeeding self-efficacy.
b
Available for 39 infants.
c
Available for 37 infants.
d
Available for 38 infants.