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. 2012 Oct 8;208(1):159–169. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jis524

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Levels of innate inflammatory (A), Th1 (B), Th2 (C), Th17 (D), and regulatory (E) cytokines elicited by Schistosoma haematobium antigens changed 6 weeks after curative praziquantel treatment. Cytokine responses were assayed in supernatants from 48 hours whole blood cultures stimulated with S. haematobium cercariae (CAP), adult worm (WWH), and egg (SEA) antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CAP, n = 21; WWH, SEA, and unstimulated, n = 72). Mean pretreatment concentrations (ng/mL) are represented by gray circles and post-treatment cytokine responses are represented by black circles. Levels of cytokine present in parallel unstimulated cultures were subtracted from those present in antigen-stimulated cultures for each participant to account for levels of spontaneously produced cytokine. Pretreatment and 6 week post-treatment responses were compared for each antigen by repeated measures analysis of variance. Horizontal bars indicate median values. IFN-γ, interferon γ; IL-2, interleukin 2; IL-4, interleukin 4; IL-5, interleukin 5; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-8, interleukin 8; IL-10, interleukin 10; IL-12p70; interleukin 12p70; IL-13, interleukin 13; IL-17A, interleukin 17A; IL-21, interleukin 21; IL-23, interleukin 23; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001.