. 2012 Oct 8;208(1):159–169. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jis524

Table 1.

Schistosome-Specific Cytokine Responses Differ 6 Weeks After Treatment Relative to Pretreatment Levels

Phenotype	Cytokine	Antigen
		CAP		WWH		SEA
		F Value^a	P Value	F Value^a	P Value	F Value^a	P Value
Innate inflammatory	TNF-α	3.70	0.07	6.18	0.02	75.24^b	<0.001^b
	IL-6	0.82	0.38	7.78	0.01	208.47^b	<0.001^b
	IL-8	64.92^b	<0.001^b	2.38	0.13	90.49^b	<0.001^b
Th1	IFN-γ	3.53	0.07	0.95	0.33	28.70^b	<0.001^b
	IL-2	4.32	0.05	0.01	0.93	4.79	0.03
	IL-12p70	2.29	0.15	2.77	0.10	94.52^b	<0.001^b
Th2	IL-4	0.76	0.39	2.70	0.10	1.34	0.25
	IL-5	3.28	0.08	3.66	0.06	1.19	0.28
	IL-13	7.41	0.01	0.17	0.68	1.91	0.17
Regulatory	IL-10	9.09	0.01	3.45	0.07	1.38	0.24
Th17	IL-17A	0.07	0.79	1.04	0.31	0.26	0.61
	IL-21	4.31	0.05	7.32	0.01	8.88^b	<0.001^b
	IL-23	5.01	0.04	1.34	0.25	190.15^b	<0.001^b

Results of repeated measures analysis of variance comparing mean concentrations (square root(x + 1) transformed) of cytokines present in whole blood cultures stimulated with cercariae (CAP), adult worm (WWH), and egg (SEA) antigens before treatment with those elicited 6 weeks after a single 40 mg/kg body weight dose of praziquantel (CAP, n = 21; WWH, SEA, and unstimulated, n = 72). Significant differences (P < .05) are highlighted in bold.

Abbreviations: IFN-γ, interferon γ; IL-2, interleukin 2; IL-4, interleukin 4; IL-5, interleukin 5; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-8, interleukin 8; IL-10, interleukin 10; IL-12p70; interleukin 12p70; IL-13, interleukin 13; IL-17A, interleukin 17A; IL-21, interleukin 21; IL23, interleukin 23; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.

^a Error degrees of freedom: 1, 20 (CAP); 1, 71 (WWH and SEA).

^b Differences that are significant after Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons.