Table 3.
Adult Worm and Egg-Specific Cytokine Profiles 6 Weeks After Treatment
| Phenotype | Cytokine | Antigen | Principal Component |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| Th2/Regulatory | SEA Proinflammatory/WWH Th2/Th17 | WWH Proinflammatory | SEA Proinflammatory/Th2 | |||
| Innate inflammatory | TNF-α | SEA | −0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.5 |
| WWH | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.1 | −0.1 | ||
| IL-6 | SEA | −0.7 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.2 | |
| WWH | −0.3 | 0.1 | 0.7 | −0.2 | ||
| IL-8 | SEA | −0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.3 | |
| WWH | −0.2 | 0.1 | 0.7 | −0.4 | ||
| Th1 | IFN-γ | SEA | −0.4 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.4 |
| WWH | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||
| IL-2 | SEA | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | |
| WWH | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | ||
| IL-12p70 | SEA | −0.4 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.4 | |
| WWH | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
| Th2 | IL-4 | SEA | 0.2 | 0.4 | −0.5 | −0.2 |
| WWH | 0.1 | 0.4 | −0.5 | −0.3 | ||
| IL-5 | SEA | 0.1 | 0.4 | −0.5 | −0.3 | |
| WWH | −0.1 | 0.6 | −0.4 | 0.0 | ||
| IL-13 | SEA | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.5 | |
| WWH | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | ||
| Regulatory | IL-10 | SEA | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
| WWH | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.4 | ||
| Th17 | IL-17A | SEA | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | −0.5 |
| WWH | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | −0.5 | ||
| IL-21 | SEA | 0.2 | 0.6 | −0.1 | 0.0 | |
| WWH | 0.4 | 0.7 | −0.1 | −0.1 | ||
| IL-23 | SEA | −0.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.4 | |
| WWH | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | −0.2 | ||
| % Total variance | 15.6 | 12.3 | 15.4 | 12.5 | ||
Antigen-specific cytokine factor loadings for principal components (PCs) 1–4 extracted by factor analysis of all Schistosoma haematobium whole worm homogenate (WWH)– and soluble egg antigen (SEA)–specific cytokine responses 6 weeks after praziquantel treatment (n = 72). Cytokines with factor loadings ≥0.5 or≤−0.5 for an extracted PC are highlighted in bold. The cellular immune phenotype with which the cytokines are associated is given for each PC. The percentage of total variance in cytokine responses accounted for by each PC is given at the bottom of the relevant column.
Abbreviations: IFN-γ, interferon γ; IL-2, interleukin 2; IL-4, interleukin 4; IL-5, interleukin 5; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-8, interleukin 8; IL-10, interleukin 10; IL-12p70; interleukin 12p70; IL-13, interleukin 13; IL-17A, interleukin 17A; IL-21, interleukin 21; IL23, interleukin 23; TNF- α, tumor necrosis factor α.