Table 5.
Emergy analysis table for sunflower-based biodiesel.
| Stage | Type | Item | Data | Reference | Transformity (sej/unit) | Reference | Solar emergy (sej) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plantation and reap | R | Sunlight (J) | 0.60E + 13 | Calculated | 1.00E + 00 | [5] | 0.60E + 13 |
| Rain geopotential (J) | 0.70E + 09 | Calculated | 4.70E + 04 | [5] | 3.29E + 13 | ||
| Rain chemical potential (J) | 0.70E + 10 | Calculated | 3.05E + 04 | [5] | 2.14E + 14 | ||
| Wind (J) | 1.18E + 10 | Calculated | 1.50E + 03 | [6] | 1.77E + 13 | ||
| N | Topsoil loss | 1.95E + 09 | Calculated | 7.40E + 04 | [5] | 1.44E + 14 | |
| F | Water (kg) | 1.30E + 06 | Statistics | 4.65E + 08 | [6] | 0.61E + 15 | |
| Nitrogen (kg) | 83.89 | Statistics | 2.40E + 13 | [5] | 2.02E + 15 | ||
| Biocide trifluralin (kg) | 1.20 | Statistics | 1.48E + 13 | [5] | 1.78E + 13 | ||
| Diesel (kg) | 326.3 | Estimated | 3.04E + 12 | [5] | 9.93E + 14 | ||
| Human labor (h) | 200 | Estimated | 1.1E + 12 | [5] | 2.20E + 14 | ||
| Sunflower seed ($) | 120.30 | Statistics | 1.18E + 13 | [8] | 1.43E + 15 | ||
|
| |||||||
| Sunflower oil production | F | Crude oil (J) | 0.71E + 10 | Statistics | 5.4E + 04 | [10] | 3.83E + 14 |
| Electricity (J) | 9.17E + 08 | Statistics | 3.36E + 05 | [8] | 3.08E + 14 | ||
|
| |||||||
| Biodiesel production | F | MeOH (kg) | 217.76 | Statistics | 1.76E + 12 | [8] | 3.84E + 14 |
| NaOH (kg) | 8.03 | Statistics | 6.38E + 12 | [8] | 5.13E + 13 | ||
| H2O (kg) | 1018.34 | Statistics | 4.65E + 08 | [6] | 4.74E + 11 | ||
| H3PO4 (kg) | 6.23 | Statistics | 2.65E + 12 | [9] | 1.80E + 13 | ||
| Electricity (J) | 215.72E + 06 | Statistics | 3.36E + 05 | [8] | 7.25E + 13 | ||
| Human labor (h) | 800 | Estimated | 1.1E + 12 | [5] | 8.8E + 14 | ||