Table 3.
Odds Ratios for the Association Between BMI Categories and Depression in Women by Race/Ethnicity
| Model 1 OR (95% CI) | Model 2 OR (95% CI) | Model 3 OR (95% CI) | Model 4 OR (95% CI) | Model 5 OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| White | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Black | 1.58 (1.01, 2.47) | 3.68 (1.70, 7.99) | 2.48 (1.15, 5.37) | 2.75 (1.24, 6.06) | 2.32 (1.09, 4.95) |
| Mexican American | 2.16 (1.38, 3.40) | 2.96 (1.28, 6.87) | 1.74 (0.75, 4.04) | 2.43 (1.01, 5.86) | 2.82 (1.17, 6.78) |
| BMI category | |||||
| Normal | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Overweight | 1.58 (1.05, 2.40) | 1.85 (1.09, 3.14) | 1.79 (1.02, 3.12) | 1.94 (1.13, 3.35) | 1.79 (1.04, 3.06) |
| Obese | 1.73 (1.17, 2.56) | 2.37 (1.41, 4.00) | 2.07 (1.19, 3.61) | 2.38 (1.37, 4.15) | 2.34 (1.34, 4.10) |
| Race/ethnicity*BMI category | |||||
| Black*Overweight | 0.38 (0.16, 0.92) | 0.42 (0.17, 1.06) | 0.39 (0.15, 0.99) | 0.61 (0.20, 1.84) | |
| Black*Obese | 0.24 (0.10, 0.54) | 0.26 (0.11, 0.62) | 0.25 (0.10, 0.62) | 0.32 (0.12, 0.86) | |
| Mexican American*Overweight | 0.75 (0.28, 2.00) | 0.70 (0.26, 1.93) | 0.68 (0.23, 2.00) | 0.86 (0.25, 2.99) | |
| Mexican American*Obese | 0.42 (0.17, 1.04) | 0.44 (0.17, 1.11) | 0.39 (0.15, 0.99) | 0.37 (0.13, 1.08) | |
| Post-estimation products of logistic regression coefficients (odds ratios) of depression syndrome as a function of BMI category within race/ethnicitya | |||||
| White | |||||
| Overweight versus normal | 1.85 (1.09, 3.14) | 1.79 (1.02, 3.12) | 1.94 (1.13, 3.35) | 1.79 (1.04, 3.06) | |
| Obese versus normal | 2.37 (1.41, 4.00) | 2.07 (1.19, 3.61) | 2.38 (1.37, 4.15) | 2.34 (1.34, 4.10) | |
| Black | |||||
| Overweight versus normal | 0.71 (0.35, 1.40) | 0.75 (0.37, 1.56) | 0.75 (0.36, 1.57) | 1.09 (0.39, 2.99) | |
| Obese versus normal | 0.56 (0.28, 1.12) | 0.54 (0.27,1.07) | 0.60 (0.30,1.22) | 0.76 (0.36,1.58) | |
| Mexican American | |||||
| Overweight versus normal | 1.38 (0.71, 2.71) | 1.26 (0.63, 2.49) | 1.32 (0.62, 2.83) | 1.53 (0.59, 3.93) | |
| Obese versus normal | 1.01 (0.59, 1.72) | 0.91 (0.53, 1.58) | 0.93 (0.54, 1.60) | 0.87 (0.41, 1.84) | |
Odds ratios of depression syndrome calculated post-estimation as the product of the parameter estimates for BMI category and race-BMI category interaction as follows:
Depression syndrome = β0 + β1Black + β2Mexican American
+ β3overweight + β4obese
+ β5Black*overweight + β6Black*obese
+ β7Mexican American*overweight + β8Mexican American*obese
+ β9-ncovariates + ε
Depression syndrome in:
Overweight versus normal weight Blacks = β3*β5
Obese versus normal weight Blacks = β4*β6
Overweight versus normal weight Mexican Americans = β3*β7
Obese versus normal weight Mexican Americans = β4*β8
Models are adjusted for:
(1) age (years),
(2) age (years),
(3) covariates in Model 2 and education (<high school (HS), = HS, >HS) and family poverty-income ratio (PIR),
(4) covariates in Model 3 and smoking status (never, former, current) and alcohol use (abstinence, light-moderate, heavy), and
(5) covariates in Model 4 and physical activity (average number of daily minutes of moderate or vigorous recreational physical activity) and caloric intake (average number of daily kilocalorie intake).
BMI categories: normal (<25.0 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), obese (>29.9 kg/m2).