Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of African-American and white participants in treatment for cocaine dependence
| Characteristic | Study 1
|
Study 2
|
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| African American (N=53)
|
White (N=58)
|
Test statistic | df | African American (N=65)
|
White (N=46)
|
Test statistic | df | |||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |||||
| Sex | χ2=.3 | 1 | χ2=2.2 | 1 | ||||||||
| Male | 36 | 68 | 42 | 72 | 44 | 68 | 37 | 80 | ||||
| Female | 17 | 32 | 16 | 28 | 21 | 32 | 9 | 20 | ||||
| Education | χ2=2.0 | 2 | χ2=3.9 | 2 | ||||||||
| Some college | 17 | 32 | 22 | 38 | 19 | 29 | 7 | 15 | ||||
| High school graduate | 21 | 40 | 26 | 45 | 26 | 57 | 26 | 40 | ||||
| Less than high school | 15 | 28 | 10 | 17 | 20 | 31 | 13 | 28 | ||||
| Marital status | χ2=1.5 | 1 | χ2=2.5 | 1 | ||||||||
| Single or divorced | 42 | 66 | 40 | 70 | 58 | 89 | 36 | 78 | ||||
| Married or cohabiting | 11 | 21 | 18 | 31 | 7 | 11 | 10 | 22 | ||||
| Age (mean±SD years) | 28.3±6.2 | 29.4±5.7 | F=1.1 | 1, 109 | 31.7±5.8 | 29.8±5.1 | F=3.4 | 1, 109 | ||||
| Cocaine use for the 30 days before baseline (mean±SD days) | 13.7±9.1 | 15.7±7.3 | F=1.7 | 1, 109 | 13.3±8.5 | 14.4±8.3 | F=.5 | 1, 109 | ||||
| Route of administration | χ2=21.4*** | 2 | χ2=18.6*** | 2 | ||||||||
| Smoking freebase cocaine | 45 | 85 | 26 | 45 | 60 | 92 | 27 | 59 | ||||
| Inhaling cocaine | 4 | 8 | 26 | 45 | 5 | 8 | 16 | 35 | ||||
| Injecting cocaine | 4 | 8 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 7 | ||||
| Addiction Severity | ||||||||||||
| Index composite scores (mean±SD)a | ||||||||||||
| Employment | .60±.33 | .36±.28 | F=16.7*** | 1, 109 | .73±.28 | .52±.27 | F=15.5*** | 1, 109 | ||||
| Medical | .18±.27 | .15±.21 | F=.6 | 1, 109 | .15±.25 | .17±.30 | F=.1 | 1, 109 | ||||
| Alcoholb | .24±.25 | .23±.20 | F=.1 | 1, 109 | .32±.15 | 43±.18 | F=11.6*** | 1, 108 | ||||
| Cocaineb | .67±.20 | .70±.16 | F=.9 | 1, 109 | .54±.20 | .67±.18 | F=12.0*** | 1, 108 | ||||
| Other drugb | .03±.03 | .03±.03 | F=.5 | 1, 109 | .06±.06 | .07±.06 | F=.7 | 1, 108 | ||||
| Legalb | .08±.14 | .08±.15 | F=.02 | 1, 109 | .09±.18 | .08±.14 | F=.3 | 1, 108 | ||||
| Family and socialb | .27±.21 | .31±.21 | F=.8 | 1, 109 | .17±.17 | . | 23±.21 | F=2.9 | 1, 108 | |||
| Psychologicalb | .20±.21 | .24±.20 | F=1.1 | 1, 109 | .17±.18 | .27±.23 | F=7.1** | 1, 109 | ||||
| DSM-IV lifetime psychiatric disorders | ||||||||||||
| Major depressionb | 14 | 26 | 25 | 48 | χ2=5.3* | 1 | 29 | 45 | 32 | 71 | χ2=7.2** | 1 |
| Anxiety disordersb | 3 | 9 | 8 | 18 | χ2=1.4 | 1 | 5 | 9 | 3 | 7 | χ2=.1 | 1 |
| Alcohol abuse and dependence | 57 | 98 | 40 | 95 | χ2=.9 | 2 | ||||||
| Anti-social personality | 15 | 47 | 19 | 49 | χ2=.02 | 1 | 17 | 45 | 18 | 64 | χ2=2.5 | 1 |
| Beck Depression | ||||||||||||
| Inventory score (mean±SD)b,c | 9.9±8.0 | 10.8±5.7 | F=.3 | 1, 109 | .9±6.3 | 13.7±6.2 | F=5.3* | 1, 109 | ||||
a
Addiction Severity Index composite scores range from 0 to 1, with higher scores indicating greater problem severity.
b
Data were missing for some participants.
c
Beck Depression Inventory Scores range from 0 to 39, with higher scores indicating greater depression.
*
p<.05
**
p<.01
***
p<.001