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. 2013 Jun 15;140(12):2535–2547. doi: 10.1242/dev.091777

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5.

Metabolism in proliferative hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. (A) Anabolic glycolysis is driven in part by the myeloid transcription factor PU.1 and the Akt kinase. (B) Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), fueled by PTPMT1-driven pyruvate oxidation, might lead to increased synthesis of eicosanoids, e.g. prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which promote hematopoiesis. (C) Insulin-PI3K-Akt signaling activates glycolysis, promotes ROS production by repressing the FOXO-mediated stress response, and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis by activating mTOR signaling. This leads to hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferation, differentiation and aging. AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; Ac-CoA, acetyl coenzyme A; ETC, electron transport chain; F6P, fructose-6-phosphate; FBP, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate; G6P, glucose-6-phosphate; HK2/3, hexokinase 2/3; LDHA, lactate dehydrogenase A; LKB1, serine/threonine protein kinase 11; OAA, oxaloacetate; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; PGK, phosphoglycerate kinase; PK, pyruvate kinase.