Table 1.

Baseline demographic and clinical features

Parameter	Value by infecting organisma			P value
	P. knowlesi (n = 129)	P. falciparum (n = 121)	P. vivax (n = 43)
Age (yr)
Median (IQR)	46 (29–58)	27 (17–40)	24 (18–42)	<0.001
Range	14–83	13–78	13–79
No. of males (%)	96 (74)	87 (71)	33 (77)	0.769
Source of referral (no. of patients [%])				<0.001
QEH or local health clinic	44 (34)	75 (61)	22 (51)
District Hospital	86 (66)	47 (39)	21 (49)
No. of patients (%) enrolled pretreatment	34 (26)	42 (34)	12 (28)	0.231
Median time on malaria treatment (h [IQR])	5.13 (0–11.47)	4.04 (0–11.69)	4.81 (0–9.68)	0.726
No. of patients (%) with severe malaria	38 (29%)	13 (11%)	7 (46%)	<0.001
Median parasite density count/μl (IQR [range])
All patients	8,537 (1,980–35,495 [32–584,015])	11,610 (4,387–36,977 [16–959,383])	4,938 (2,848–12,927 [72–84,403])	0.009
Nonsevere malaria	4,841 (1,581–14,994 [65–62,360])	10,937 (4,002–32,326 [16–218,921])	4,753 (2,369–10,316 [72–46,849])	<0.001
Severe malaria	80,359 (25,874–168,279 [32–584,015])	72,270 (27,905–273,909 [625–959,383])	10,243 (4,387–40,895 [460–84,403])	0.070
Severity criteria among patients with severe malaria
Median no. of criteria (range)	2 (1–6)	3 (1–4)	1 (1–2)	0.039
No. of patients (%) with:
Hyperparasitemia	18 (47)	2 (15)	0
Respiratory distress	14 (37)	4 (31)	1 (14)
Hypotension	13 (34)	6 (49)	3 (43)
Jaundice	20 (53)	9 (69)	2 (29)
Acute kidney injury	9 (24)	3 (23)	0
Metabolic acidosis	4 (11)	4 (31)	0
Severe anemia	2 (5)	2 (15)	0
Abnormal bleeding	2 (5)	1 (8)	1 (14)
Multiple convulsions	0	0	1 (14)
Coma	0	0	0

^aTable includes data previously reported (11).

^bBoldface indicates significant values.