Table 3.
Summary of results from included reviews on outcomes
|
Review |
Qualitya |
Glycaemic control |
Vascular risk factor control |
Retinopathy screening |
Foot screening |
Renal monitoring |
Smoking |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Process | Patient | Process | Patient | Process | Patient | |||||
|
Patient education and support | ||||||||||
| Allemann 2009 [26] |
9 |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Armour 2005 [27] |
5 |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Brown 1990 [30] |
6 |
|
+ |
|
+ (Lipids), 0 (BP) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cooper 2009 [34] |
7 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Couch 2008 [35] |
10 |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Deakin 2005 [36] |
10 |
|
+ |
|
+ (BP), 0 (Lipids) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Duke 2009 [37] |
9 |
|
+ |
|
Mixed (BP), O (Lipids) |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ellis 2004 [38] |
6 |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gary 2003 [42] |
6 |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Hampson 2001 [45] |
8 |
|
+ |
|
0 (Lipids) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Harkness 2010 [46] |
5 |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Hawthorne 2008 [47] |
11 |
|
+ |
|
+ (Lipids) 0 (BP) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Loveman 2008 [53] |
7 |
|
+ |
|
+ (Lipids, BP) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Loveman 2003 [52] |
8 |
|
+ |
|
Mixed (Lipids) + (BP) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Minet 2010 [55] |
5 |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Norris 2005 [60] |
9 |
|
Mixed |
|
0 (Lipids, BP) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Norris 2002 [59] |
8 |
|
+ |
|
0 (Lipids, BP) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Norris 2001 [58] |
5 |
|
+ |
|
+ (Lipids) 0 (BP) |
|
0 |
|
|
|
| Savage 2010 [65] |
5 |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Valk 2001 [69] |
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
| Winkley 2006 [72] |
9 |
|
Mixed |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Telemedicine | ||||||||||
| Balas 2004 [28] |
5 |
0 |
+ |
|
|
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
| Farmer 2005 [39] |
5 |
|
Mixed |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Liang 2011 [49] |
5 |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Montori 2004 [56] |
6 |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Polisena 2009 [62] |
8 |
|
Mixed |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Russell 2009 [64] |
5 |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shulman 2010 [67] |
8 |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sutcliffe 2011 [68] |
7 |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Verhoeven 2007 [70] |
5 |
|
Mixed |
|
0 (Lipids, BP) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Wu 2010 [73] |
7 |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provider role changes | ||||||||||
| Alam 2009 [25] |
7 |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Clark 2011 [33] |
7 |
|
|
Unclear |
+ (BP) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Lindenmeyer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2006 [50] |
7 |
0 |
+ |
|
|
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
| Loveman 2003 [51] |
9 |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Machado 2007 [54] |
7 |
|
+ |
|
+ (Lipids, BP) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Norris 2006 [57] |
6 |
0 |
+ |
|
0 (Lipids, BP) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Wubben 2008 [74] |
6 |
|
+ |
|
+ (Lipids, BP) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Organisational changes | ||||||||||
| Al-Ansary 2011 [24] |
7 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Clar 2007 [32] |
9 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Foy 2010 [40] |
7 |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Griffin 1998 [44] |
6 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Broad based reviews | ||||||||||
| Chodosh 2005 [31] |
6 |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Glazier 2006 [43] |
5 |
|
+ |
|
0 (Lipids, BP) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
| Pimouguet 2011 [61] |
7 |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Renders 2001 [63] |
5 |
+ |
+ |
0 |
0 (Lipids, BP) |
+ |
0 |
0 |
|
|
| Shojania 2006 [16] |
5 |
0 |
+ |
|
0 BP |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
| Saxena 2007 [66] |
6 |
|
+ |
|
+ (Lipids) mixed (BP) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Vermeire 2005 [71] |
9 |
|
0 |
|
0 (Lipids, BP) |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Zhang 2007 [75] | 7 | + | ||||||||
aAMSTAR score; +, generally effective based on n ≥ 5 comparisons; 0, insufficient comparisons to draw conclusions about effectiveness. *The Valk review reported favourable patient outcomes that may reflect screening activities. See Additional file 3 for further details of this review. BP blood pressure.