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HMGB1-induced TNF-α release depends on MyD88/TRIF. Peritoneal macrophages from WT, TLR4−/−, CD14−/− TRIF−/− and MyD88−/− mice were treated with HMGB1 (5 μg/mL) or LPS (10 ng/mL) in Opti-MEM for 18 h. Supernatants were then tested for TNF-α by ELISA. We found that the TNF-α release induced by HMGB1 and LPS is TRIF (A) and MyD88 (B) dependent. Data are representative of three independent experiments in triplicate (mean ± SEM).
