Table 2.
Gender and Racial Differences in Procedure Counts and Cumulative Radiation Doses. Entries represent Median (Interquartile range, Range).
| Procedure Counts | Effective Dose (mSv) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Women | Men | pa | Women | Men | pa | |
|
|
|
|||||
| All procedures | 18 (7–37, 1–193) | 12 (4–26, 1–158) | <0.001 | 61 (34–118, 8.5–546) | 69 (35–128, 6.5–918) | 0.10 |
| All except mammography | 14 (5–30, 1–193) | 12 (4–26, 1–158) | 0.04 | 60 (32–116, 8.3–540) | 69 (35–128, 6.5–918) | 0.03 |
| High dose (<3 mSv) | 4 (1–8, 1–46) | 4 (2–8, 1–48) | 0.35 | 55 (29–108, 8.3–502) | 65 (34–123, 6.5–908) | 0.01 |
| MPI | 1 (1–2, 1–11) | 1 (1–2, 1–17) | 0.11 | 29 (28–54, 6.9–254) | 29 (28–56, 6.5–407) | 0.01 |
| Other nuclear medicine | 0 (0–1, 0–11) | 0 (0–1, 0–13) | 0.58 | 0 (0–1.8, 0–74) | 0 (0–1.7, 0–101) | 0.81 |
| X-ray | 8 (3–19, 0–162) | 6 (2–16, 0–113) | <0.001 | 1.0 (0.2–3.6, 0–46) | 0.5 (0.1–2.1, 0–34) | <0.001 |
| Mammography | 2 (0–7, 0–20) | 0 (0-0, 0–2) | <0.001 | 0.8 (0–2.5, 0–7.2) | 0 (0-0, 0–0.5) | <0.001 |
| CT | 2 (0–5, 0–40) | 1 (0–4, 0–42) | 0.02 | 14 (0–37, 0–430) | 7 (0–29, 0–398) | 0.04 |
| Fluoroscopy | 0 (0–2, 0–22) | 1 (0–2, 0–36) | <0.001 | 0 (0–12, 0–211) | 4.7 (0–24, 0–797) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac catheterization | 0 (0-0, 0–7) | 0 (0–1, 0–36) | <0.001 | 0 (0-0, 0–143) | 0 (0–13, 0–146) | <0.001 |
| PCI | 0 (0-0, 0–4) | 0 (0-0, 0–6) | 0.01 | 0 (0-0, 0–138) | 0 (0-0, 0–132) | 0.01 |
| Black | Hispanic | White | pb | Black | Hispanic | White | pb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||||
| All procedures | 15 (7–34.5, 1–175) | 18 (8–35, 1–175) | 16 (6–33, 1–193) | 0.30 | 64 (33–113, 8.7–508) | 65 (35–123, 8.0–546) | 82 (48–159,6.5–918) | <0.001 |
| All except mammography | 12.5 (6–31, 1–166) | 16 (6–30, 1–159) | 15 (6–29, 1–193) | 0.74 | 63 (32–112, 8.3–508) | 65 (35–121, 8.0–540) | 82 (47–157, 6.5–918) | <0.001 |
| High dose (>3 mSv) | 4 (2–7, 1–43) | 4 (2–8, 1–48) | 5 (3–11, 1–46) | <0.001 | 58 (29–100, 8.3–504) | 59 (32–115, 7.9–521) | 78 (43–150, 6.5–908) | <0.001 |
| MPI | 1 (1–2, 1–10) | 1 (1–2, 1–7) | 1 (1–2, 1–17) | 0.03 | 29 (28–54, 7.6–264) | 29 (28–56, 7.9–181) | 29 (28–57, 6.5–407) | 0.003 |
| Other nuclear medicine | 0 (0–1, 0–9) | 0 (0–1, 0–8) | 0 (0–1, 0–13) | 0.16 | 0 (0–0.1, 0–84) | 0 (0–2.2, 0–51) | 0 (0–5.2, 0–101) | 0.10 |
| X-ray | 8 (3–21, 0–126) | 10 (4–19, 0–105) | 7 (2–18, 0–162) | 0.13 | 0.9 (0.2–3.3, 0–24) | 1.3 (0.3–3.2, 0–46) | 0.7 (0.2–2.6, 0–34) | 0.02 |
| Mammography | 0 (0–3, 0–19) | 0 (0–4, 0–20) | 0 (0-0, 0–19) | <0.001 | 0 (0–1.2, 0–6.4) | 0 (0–1.6, 0–7.2) | 0 (0-0, 0–7) | <0.001 |
| CT | 2 (0–5, 0–24) | 2 (0–5, 0–41) | 2 (0–6, 0–42) | 0.46 | 8 (0–36, 0–235) | 12 (0–35, 0–398) | 14 (0–36, 0–430) | 0.75 |
| Fluoroscopy | 0 (0–2, 0–16) | 1 (0–2, 0–18) | 1 (0–2, 0–36) | <0.001 | 0 (0–20, 0–284) | 1.5 (0–17, 0–406) | 7.0 (0–27, 0–797) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac catheterization | 0 (0–1, 0–7) | 0 (0–1, 0–18) | 0 (0–1, 0–36) | 0.006 | 0 (0–7, 0–113) | 0 (0–7, 0–143) | 0 (0–11, 0–122) | 0.01 |
| PCI | 0 (0-0, 0–4) | 0 (0-0, 0–4) | 0 (0-0, 0–5) | 0.50 | 0 (0-0, 0–106) | 0 (0-0, 0–138) | 0 (0-0, 0–103) | 0.55 |
Abbreviations: MPI, myocardial perfusion imaging; CT, computed tomography; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention
a
P values for gender are for comparison of medians between women and men, using Mann-Whitney test.
b
P values for race are for comparison of medians between all three groups, using Kruskal-Wallis test with chi-squared adjusted for ties.