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. 2013 Jun;16(6):680–685. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2012.0198

Table 6.

Overall Effects of ESI-CH on Study Variables (n=12)

Variable Mean T0 SD T0 Mean T3 SD T3 Mean diff 95% CI lower 95% CI upper t df p Cohen d
CES-D 15.39 9.94 16.42 9.83 −0.17 −6.502 6.170 −0.06 11 .96 .02
A-State 43.50 12.84 40.67 8.85 3.00 −2.405 8.410 1.22 11 .25 .26+
CARS 49.28 10.21 54.33 9.93 −4.17 −9.161 0.828 −1.84 11 .09* .40+
PREP 23.11 6.53 27.58 6.36 −3.42 −7.476 0.642 −1.85 11 .09* .69++
FBS-CH 69.28 14.57 77.50 12.97 −7.67 −14.841 −0.492 −2.35 11 .04** .60++
*

p<.10

**

p<.05

***

p<.01

Cohen d

+small effect

++medium effect

+++large effect

A-State, State Anxiety; CARS, Caregiver Activity Restriction Scale; CES-D, Center of Epidemiological Studies-Depression; CI, confidence interval; ESI-CH, Education and Skill building Intervention for Caregivers of Hospice patients; FBS-CH, Family Beliefs Scale for Caregivers of Hospice patients; PREP, preparedness; Diff, difference; T0, Time 0; T3, Time 3; Cohen d, significant effects.