Figure 3.

Linear cephalometric measurements used in this study. (a) Linear measurements of distances in mm of points “inferior sulcus”, “lower lip” and “subnasale” to the H-line (the line through “soft-tissue pogonion” and “upper lip”). (b) Linear measurements of distances in mm of points “lower lip” and “upper lip” to E-plane (the plane through points soft-tissue pogonion and “tip of nose”). (c) Linear measurements in mm of “throat length” (distance between “throat point” and “soft-tissue gnathion”), “upper lip length” (distance between “subnasale” and “stomion superius”) and “lower lip length” (distance between “stomion inferius” and “soft-tissue menton”