Table 3.
Excluded studies
| Reason for exclusion | References |
| Lack of Criterion 1 | Albuquerque MA, Kuruoshi ME, Oliveira IR, Cavalcanti MG. CT assessment of the correlation between clinical examination and bone involvement in oral malignant tumors. Braz Oral Res 2009; 23: 196–202 |
| Sigal R, Zagdanski AM, Schwaab G, Bosq J, Auperin A, Laplanche A, et al. CT and MR imaging of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth. Radiographics 1996; 16: 787–810 | |
| Lack of Criterion 3 | Crecco M, Vidiri A, Angelone ML, Palma O, Morello R. Retromolar trigone tumors: evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging and correlation with pathological data. Eur J Radiol 1999; 32: 182–188 |
| Dreiseidler T, Alarabi N, Ritter L, Rothamel D, Scheer M, Zöller JE, et al. A comparison of multislice computerized tomography, cone beam computerized tomography, and single photon emission computerized tomography for the assessment of bone tissue invasion by oral malignancies. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011; 112: 367–374 | |
| Huntley TA, Busmanis I, Desmond P, Wiesenfeld D. Mandibular invasion by squamous cell carcinoma: a computed tomographic and histological study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1996; 34: 69–74 | |
| Talmi YP, Bar-Ziv J, Yahalom R, Teicher S, Eyal A, Shehtman I, et al. DentaCT for evaluating mandibular and maxillary invasion in cancer of the oral cavity. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1996; 105: 431–437 | |
| Zupi A, Califano L, Maremonti P, Longo F, Ciccarelli R, Soricelli A. Accuracy in the diagnosis of mandibular involvement by oral cancer. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 1996; 24: 281–284 | |
| Lack of Criterion 4 | Araki K, Ariji E, Shimizu M, Kanda S, Ozeki S, Shinohara M, et al. Computed tomography of carcinoma of the upper gingiva and hard palate: correlation with the surgical and histopathological findings. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1997; 26: 177–182 |
| Castelijns JA, van den Brekel MW. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of extracranial head and neck tumors. Magn Reson Q 1993; 9: 113–128 | |
| Kushraj T, Chatra L, Shenai P, Rao PK. Bone tissue invasion in oral cancer patients: a comparison between orthopantamograph, conventional computed tomography, and single positron emission computed tomography. J Cancer Res Ther 2011; 7: 438–341 | |
| Zieron JO, Lauer I, Remmert S, Sieg P. Single photon emission tomography: scintigraphy in the assessment of mandibular invasion by head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2001; 23: 979–984 | |
| Lack of Criterion 5 | Acton CH, Layt C, Gwynne R, Cooke R, Seaton D. Investigative modalities of mandibular invasion by squamous cell carcinoma. Laryngoscope 2000; 110: 2050–2055 |
| Brown JS, Griffith JF, Phelps PD, Browne RM. A comparison of different imaging modalities and direct inspection after periosteal stripping in predicting the invasion of the mandible by oral squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1994; 32: 347–359 | |
| Lewis-Jones HG, Rogers SN, Beirne JC, Brown JS, Woolgar JA. Radionuclide bone imaging for detection of mandibular invasion by squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Radiol 2000; 73: 488–493 | |
| Ord RA, Sarmadi M, Papadimitrou J. A comparison of segmental and marginal bony resection for oral squamous cell carcinoma involving the mandible. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997; 55: 470–477; discussion 477–478 | |
| Rao LP, Das SR, Mathews A, Naik BR, Chacko E, Pandey M. Mandibular invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma: investigation by clinical examination and orthopantomogram. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 33: 454–457 | |
| Schimming R, Juengling FD, Lauer G, Altehöfer C, Schmelzeisen R. Computer-aided 3-D 99mTc-DPD-SPECT reconstruction to assess mandibular invasion by intraoral squamous cell carcinoma: diagnostic improvement or not? J Craniomaxillofacial Surg 2000; 28: 325–330 | |
| Lack of Criterion 6 | Curran AJ, Toner M, Quinn A, Wilson G, Timon C. Mandibular invasion diagnosed by SPECT. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 1996; 21: 542–545 |
| Escott EJ, Rao VM, Ko WD, Guitierrez JE. Comparison of dynamic contrast-enhanced gradient-echo and spin-echo sequences in MR of head and neck neoplasms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1997; 18: 1411–1419 | |
| Jungehülsing M, Scheidhauer K, Litzka N, Wagner M, Dietlein M, Ernst S, et al. 99mTc-MDP-SPECT for detection of subclinical mandibular infiltration of squamous epithelial carcinoma. HNO 1997; 45: 702–709 | |
| Millesi W, Prayer L, Helmer M, Gritzmann N. Diagnostic imaging of tumor invasion of the mandible. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1990; 19: 294–298 | |
| Lack of Criterion 7 | Babin E, Desmonts C, Hamon M, Bénateau H, Hitier M. PET/CT for assessing mandibular invasion by intraoral squamous cell carcinomas. Clin Otolaryngol 2008; 33: 47–51 |
| Brockenbrough JM, Petruzzelli GJ, Lomasney L. DentaScan as an accurate method of predicting mandibular invasion in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003; 129: 113–117 | |
| Higashi K, Wakao H, Ikuta H, Kashima I, Everhart FR. Bone scintigraphy in detection of bone tissue invasion by oral carcinoma. Ann Nuclear Med 1996; 10: 57–61 | |
| Kushraj T, Chatra L, Shenai P, Rao PKK. Bone tissue invasion in oral cancer patients: a comparison between orthopantamograph, conventional computed tomography, and single positron emission computed tomography. J Cancer Res Ther 2011; 7: 438–441 | |
| Rajesh A, Khan A, Kendall C, Hayter J, Cherryman G. Can magnetic resonance imaging replace single photon computed tomography and computed tomography in detecting bony invasion in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 46: 11–14 | |
| Vidiri A, Guerrisi A, Pellini R, Manciocco V, Covello R, Mattioni O, et al. Multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of the mandibular invasion by squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the oral cavity. Correlation with pathological data. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2010; 29: 73 | |
| Yamamoto Y, Nishiyama Y, Satoh K, Ohbayashi Y, Iwasaki A, Miyabe K, et al. Dual-isotope SPECT using 99mTc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate and 201Tl-chloride to assess mandibular invasion by intraoral squamous cell carcinoma. J Nuclear Med 2002; 43: 1464–1468 | |
| Criterion A | Bolzoni A, Cappiello J, Piazza C, Peretti G, Maroldi R, Farina D, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of mandibular involvement in oral-oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004; 130: 837–843 |
| Imaizumi A, Yoshino N, Yamada I, Nagumo K, Amagasa T, Omura K, et al. A potential pitfall of MR imaging for assessing mandibular invasion of squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2006; 27: 114–122 | |
| Imola MJ, Gapany M, Grund F, Djalilian H, Fehling S, Adams G. Technetium 99m single positron emission computed tomography scanning for assessing mandible invasion in oral cavity cancer. Laryngoscope 2001; 111: 373–381 | |
| Momin MA, Okochi K, Watanabe H, Imaizumi A, Omura K, Amagasa T, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of cone beam CT in the assessment of mandibular invasion of lower gingival carcinoma: comparison with conventional panoramic radiography. Eur J Radiol 2009; 72: 75–81 | |
| Mukherji SK, Isaacs DL, Creager A, Shockley W, Weissler M, Armao D. CT detection of mandibular invasion by squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2001; 177: 237–243 | |
| Schimming R, Juengling FD, Altehöfer C, Schmelzeisen R. Diagnosis of questionable mandibular infiltration by squamous epithelial carcinomas. 3-D 99mTc-DPD SPECT reconstruction and 18F fluoride PET study: diagnostic advantages or unnecessary expense?. HNO 2001; 49: 355–360 | |
| Criterion C | Lane AP, Buckmire RA, Mukherji SK, Pillsbury HC, Meredith SD. Use of computed tomography in the assessment of mandibular invasion in carcinoma of the retromolar trigone. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000; 122: 673–677 |
| Not available | Baker HL, Woodbury DH, Krause CJ, Saxon KG, Stewart RC. Evaluation of bone scan by scintigraphy to detect subclinical invasion of the mandible by squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1982; 90: 327–336 |
| Close LG, Merkel M, Burns DK, Schaefer SD. Computed tomography in the assessment of mandibular invasion by intraoral carcinoma. Ann Otolaryngol Rhinol Laryngol 1986; 95: 383–388 |