Table 1.
Antigens targeted by CARs
| Target Antigen | Associated Malignancy | Receptor Type (Other specificity) | In vivo studies | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| α-Folate receptor | Ovarian cancer | ScFv-FcεRIγ | Phase I | (1) |
| epithelial cancers | scFv-41BB-CD3ζ | + | (2) | |
| CAIX | Renal-cell carcinoma | scFv-CD4- FcεRIγ | Phase I | (3-5) |
| Renal cell carcinoma | G250-FcεRIγ | - | (6-8) | |
| CD19 | B cell malignancies | scFv-CD3ζ (EBV) | - | (9) |
| B cell malignancies | scFv-CD3ζ | + | (10, 11) | |
| B cell malignancies | scFv-CD28-CD3ζ | + | (12-16) | |
| Refractory Follicular Lymphoma | scFv-CD3ζ | Phase I | (17, 18) | |
| B cell malignancies | scFv-CD28-CD3ζ | + | (19-22) | |
| ALL | scFv-41BB-CD3ζ | - | (23) | |
| ALL | scFv-41BB-CD3ζ | + | (24) | |
| B cell malignancies | scFv-CD3ζ (Influenza MP-1) | + | (25) | |
| B cell malignancies | scFv-CD3ζ (VZV) | - | (26) | |
| ALL | FMC63-CD28-41BB- CD3ζ | +, - | (27-29) | |
| B cell malignancies | FMC63-41BB-CD3ζ | + | (30) | |
| Follicular lymphoma | FMC63-CD28-CD3ζ | NCT00924326 | (31) | |
| B cell malignancies | FMC63-CD28-CD3ζ | NCT00924326 | (32) | |
| CLL & ALL | SJ25C1-CD28-CD3ζ | (NCT00466531 NCT01044069) | (33) | |
| CLL | FMC63-41BB-CD3ζ | NCT01029366 | (34, 35) | |
| Lymphoma | scFv-CD3z + scFv-CD28-CD3ζ | Phase I | (36) | |
| CD20 | Lymphomas | scFv-CD28-CD3ζ | - | (37) |
| B cell malignancies | scFv-CD4-CD3ζ | - | (38) | |
| B-cell lymphomas | scFv-CD3ζ | - | (39, 40) | |
| Mantle cell lymphoma, indolent B cell lymphomas | scFv-CD28-41BB-CD3ζ | NCT00621452 | (41, 42) | |
| CD22 | B cell malignancies | scFV-CD4-CD3ζ | - | (38) |
| CD23 | CLL | scFv-CD28-CD3ζ | + | (43) |
| CD24 | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | scFv- CD28-FcεRIγ | + | (44) |
| CD30 | Lymphomas | scFv-FcεRIγ | - | (45) |
| Hodgkin lymphoma | scFv-CD3ζ (EBV) | + | (46) | |
| scFv-CD28-CD3ζ (EBV) | + | (47) | ||
| CD33 | AML | scFv-CD28-CD3ζ | - | (48) |
| cFv-41BB-CD3ζ | ||||
| scFv-CD28-CD3ζ (EBV) | + | (49) | ||
| CD38 | Non Hodgkin lymphoma | scFv-41BB-CD3ζ | + | (50) |
| CD44v7/8 | Cervical carcinoma | scFv-CD8-CD3ζ | + | (51) |
| CEA | Colorectal cancer | scFv-CD3ζ | + | (52-56), |
| scFv-FcεRIγ | + | (55, 57) | ||
| scFv-CD3ε | - | (58) | ||
| scFv-CD28-CD3ζ | - | (59) | ||
| scFv-CD28-CD3ζ | + | (60, 61) | ||
| EGFRvIII | Glioblastoma | scFv-CD28-41BB- CD3ζ | NCT01454596 | (62) |
| EGP-2 | Multiple malignancies | scFv-CD3ζ | - | (63) |
| scFv-FcεRIγ | - | (63),(64) | ||
| EGP-40 | Colorectal cancer | scFv-FcεRIγ | - | (65) |
| EphA2 | Glioblastoma | scFv-CD28-CD3ζ | + | (66) |
| erb-B2 | Breast and others | scFv-CD28-CD3ζ | + | (67, 68) |
| scFv-CD28-CD3ζ (Influenza) | + | (69) | ||
| scFv-CD28mut.-CD3ζ | + | (70) | ||
| Prostate cancer | scFv-FcεRIγ | + | (71) | |
| Colon cancer | (72) | |||
| Various tumors | scFv-CD28-41BB- CD3ζ | + | (73, 74) | |
| erb-B 2,3,4 | Breast and others | Heregulin-CD3ζ | - | (75),(76) |
| scFv-CD3ζ | + | (77) | ||
| FBP | Ovarian cancer | scFv-FcεRIγ | + | (78-80) |
| Ovarian cancer | scFv-FcεRIγ (alloantigen) | + | (81) | |
| Fetal acethylcholine e receptor | Rhabdomyosarcoma | scFv-CD3ζ | - | (82) |
| GD2 | Neuroblastoma, Melanoma | scFv-CD3ζ | - | (9, 10) |
| scFv-CD3ζ | NCT00085930 | (83, 84) | ||
| scFv-CD28-OX40-CD3ζ | -, + | (74, 85, 86) | ||
| scFv-CD3ζ (VZV) | - | (26) | ||
| Ewing sarcoma | scFv-CD28-CD3ζ | + | (87) | |
| GD3 | Melanoma | scFv-CD3ζ, ScFv-CD3ε | - | (88) |
| scFv-CD28-CD3ζ | + | (89) | ||
| Her-2 | Medulloblastoma | scFv-CD3ζ | + | (90) |
| scFv-CD28-CD3ζ | + | (91) | ||
| Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | scFv-CD28-41BB- CD3ζ | + | (44) | |
| Glioblastoma | Phase I | (92) | ||
| Osteosarcoma | scFv-CD28-CD3ζ | + | (93) | |
| Ovarian | scFv-CD28-CD3ζ | + | (94) | |
| HMW-MAA | Melanoma | scFv-CD3ζ, ScFv-CD28-CD3ζ | - | (95) |
| IL-11Rα | Osteosarcoma | scFv-CD28-CD3ζ | + | (96) |
| IL-13R-α2 | Glioma | IL-13-CD28-4-1BB- CD3ζ | + | (97) |
| Glioblastoma | IL-13- CD3ζ | + | (98, 99) | |
| Medulloblastoma | IL-13- CD3ζ | + | (100) | |
| KDR | Tumor neovasculature | scFv-FcεRIγ | - | (101) |
| κ-light chain | B-cell malignancies (B-NHL, CLL) | scFv-CD3ζ | + | (102) |
| scFv-CD28-CD3ζ | + | (102) | ||
| Lewis Y | Various carcinomas | scFv-FcεRIγ | - | (103) |
| Epithelial derived tumors | scFv-CD28-CD3ζ | + | (104-106) | |
| L1-cell adhesion molecule | Neuroblastoma | scFv- CD3ζ | Phase I | (107, 108) |
| MAGE-A1 | Melanoma | scFV-CD4-FcεRIγ | - | (109) |
| scFV-CD28-FcεRIγ | ||||
| Mesothelin | Mesothelioma | scFv-41BB-CD3ζ | + | (73, 110, 111) |
| Murine CMV infected cells | Murine CMV | Ly49H- CD3ζ | + | (112) |
| MUC1 | Breast, Ovary | scFV-CD28-OX40- CD3ζ | + | (113, 114) |
| MUC16 | Ovary | scFV-CD28-CD3ζ | (115) | |
| NKG2D Ligands | Myeloma, ovarian & other tumors | NKG2D-CD3ζ | + | (116-121) |
| NY-ESO-1 (157-165) | Multiple myeloma | scFv-CD28-CD3ζ | + | (122) |
| Oncofetal antigen (h5T4) | Various tumors | scFV-CD3ζ (vaccination) | + | (123) |
| PSCA | Prostate carcinoma | 7F5-β2-CD3ζ | - | (124) |
| scFv-CD3ζ | (125) | |||
| PSMA | Prostate cancer/ tumor vasculature | scFv-CD3ζ | + | (126, 127) |
| Prostate/tumor vasculature | scFv-CD28-CD3ζ | - | (128) | |
| scFv-CD3ζ | + | (129) | ||
| ROR1 | B-CLL and mantle cell lymphoma | scFv-CD28-CD3ζ | + | (130) |
| Targeting via mAb IgE | Various tumors | FcεRI-CD28-CD3ζ | + | (131) |
| TAG-72 | Adenocarcinomas | scFv-CD3ζ | + | (132),(133) |
| VEGF-R2 | Tumor neovasculature | scFv-CD3ζ | - | (134) |
| Biotinylated molecules | Various tumors-ovarian | BBIR-z/CD28z | + | (135) |