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. 2013 May 1;2(5):e24010. doi: 10.4161/onci.24010

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Copyright © 2013 Landes Bioscience

This is an open-access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. The article may be redistributed, reproduced, and reused for non-commercial purposes, provided the original source is properly cited.

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graphic file with name onci-2-e24010-g1.jpg — Figure 1. Effects of matrix metalloprotease 11 (MMP-11) expression by mononuclear inflammatory cells on the cytokine profile and metastatic potential of breast cancer. Tumors infiltrated by mononuclear inflammatory cells (MICs) that do not express MMP-11 release less pro-inflammatory factors than tumors containing MMP-11⁺ MICs. These latter cells mainly express interleukin (IL)-1, IL-5, IL-6, IL-17, interferon β (IFNβ) and NFκB and are associated with poor prognosis. MMP-11 expression by MICs coupled to the upregulation of pro-inflammatory proteins appears indeed to promote the metastatic spread of breast carcinoma cells.