Table I.

Dfmr1 mutant phenotypes and effective pharmacological treatments that rescue them.

Analysis	Phenotype	Drug Rescue	Reference
Neuronal Anatomy	Central Neuron targeting defects (mushroom body cross-over)	mGluR antagonist Lithium,MPEP,MPPG, MTPG and LY341495	[19]
		GABA agonist GABA, Creatinine and Nipecotic acid	[79]
		Muscarinic ACH antagonist Pilocarpine nitrate, Aminobenztropine	[79]
		Antibiotic Minocycline	[26]
	Peripheral Synaptic Defects (over-elaboration of NMJ structure)	mGluR antagonist MPEP and genetic reduction of DmGluRA	[71]
		Antibiotic Minocycline	[26]
	Central Synaptic Defects (Over-elaboration of sLNv neurons)	Antibiotic Minocycline	[26]
	Neurotransmitter- containing vesicle Defects (elevated presynaptic vesicle pool)	mGluR antagonist MPEP and genetic reduction of DmGluRA	[71]
Behavior	Repetitive Behaviors (Excessive grooming behavior)	Neurotransmitter transport (into vesicles) antagonist Reserpine	[35]
Behavior	Social Behaviors (naïve courtship)	mGluR antagonist Lithium, MPEP,MPPG, MTPG, LY341495	[19]
		GABA agonist GABA, Creatinine, Nipecotic acid	[79]
		Muscarinic ACH antagonist Pilocarpine nitrate and Aminobenztropine	[79]
Cognition	2 minute memory (Drosophila “Immediate recall memory”)	mGluR antagonist rescue Lithium, MPEP, MPPG, MTPG. LY341495	[19]
	60 minute memory (Drosophila “short-term memory”)	mGluR antagonist Lithium, MPEP, MPPG, MTPG, LY341495	[19]
	One day memory (Drosophila “long-term memory”-protein synthesis-dependent)	mGluR antagonist MPEP	[43]
	Age-dependent learning decline	mGluR antagonist Lithium, MPEP,MPPG, MTPG, LY341495	[19]