Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics at enrolment in study of double or standard dose oseltamivir for treatment of severe influenza. Continuous data are shown as mean (SD), categorical data as number (percentage)
| Parameter | Total | Children (n=246) | Adults (n=80) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Double dose (n=124) | Standard dose (n=122) | Double dose (n=41) | Standard dose (n=39) | |||
| Sex (male) | 185 | 79 (63.7) | 71 (58.2) | 17 (41.5) | 18 (46.2) | |
| Age (years) | — | 2.8 (2.4) | 2.8 (1.9) | 37.9 (13.6) | 45.9 (18.7) | |
| Duration of illness (days) | — | 5.3 (2.1) | 5.1 (2) | 5.6 (2.2) | 4.9 (2.5) | |
| Karnofsky score<50 | 43 | 5 (4) | 11 (9) | 13 (31.7) | 14 (36.8) | |
| Symptoms: | ||||||
| Cough | 319 | 123 (99) | 120 (99) | 37 (95) | 39 (100) | |
| Dyspnoea | 139 | 55 (44) | 49 (40) | 16 (39) | 19 (49) | |
| Vomiting | 107 | 42 (34.1) | 45 (36.9) | 11 (28.9) | 9 (23.7) | |
| Diarrhoea | 75 | 24 (19.5) | 10 (25) | 9 (23.7) | ||
| Underlying comorbidity: | ||||||
| Asthma | 24 | 8 (6.5) | 11 (9) | 2 (4.9) | 3 (7.7) | |
| Malnourished | 8 | 3 (2.4) | 3 (2.5) | 0 | 2 (5.1) | |
| Congenital heart disease | 7 | 2 (1.6) | 4 (3.3) | 1 (2.4) | 0 | |
| Hypertension | 12 | 0 | 0 | 3 (7.3) | 9 (23.1) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.4) | 0 | |
| Alcoholism | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 (4.9) | 2 (5.1) | |
| HIV/AIDS | 2 | 1 (0.8) | 0 | 1 (2.4) | 0 | |
| Antivirals before enrolment | 76 | 12 (9.7) | 12 (9.8) | 26 (63.4) | 26 (66.7) | |
| BMI | — | 15.9 (2.2) | 16 (2.2) | 22 (4.5) | 22.8 (4.1) | |
| Signs: | ||||||
| Tachypnoea | 183 | 73 (59) | 66 (54) | 20 (49) | 24 (62) | |
| Febrile (>38°C) | 175 | 70 (56) | 67 (55) | 18 (44) | 20 (51) | |
| Respiratory rate | — | 43 (11) | 43 (10 | 24 (7) | 26 (7) | |
| Laboratory data: | ||||||
| White cell count×103/µL | — | 9.041 (4.3) | 8.247 (4.2) | 7.895 (5.9) | 8.086 (5.4) | |
| Lymphocytes % | — | 49 (20) | 51 (19) | 24 (16) | 19 (13) | |
| Creatinine µmol/L | — | 41.5 (29.3) | 38.0 (14.8) | 104.1 (88.9) | 102.2 (72.9) | |
| Glucose mmol/L | — | 5.6 (2.5) | 5.3 (1.2) | 7.8 (4) | 9.1 (6.8) | |
| LDH IU/L | — | 694 (331) | 690 (273) | 845 (1272) | 971 (1250) | |
| Virological data: | ||||||
| 1977 H1N1 | 38 | 13 (10) | 21 (17) | 1 (2) | 3 (8) | |
| H1N1-pdm09 | 72 | 19 (15) | 22 (18) | 17 (41) | 14 (36) | |
| H3N2 | 133 | 63 (51) | 50 (41) | 9 (22) | 11 (28) | |
| H5N1 | 17 | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 7 (17) | 6 (15) | |
| B | 53 | 23 (19) | 23 (19) | 5 (12) | 2 (5) | |
| Not detected | 13 | 4 (3) | 4 (3) | 2 (5) | 3 (8) | |
| Radiology: | ||||||
| Infiltrates on CXR | 266 | 96 (77) | 96 (79) | 39 (95) | 35 (90) | |
| ARDS | 25 | 3 (2.4) | 4 (3.3) | 8 (19.5) | 10 (25.6) | |
| Treatment needed: | ||||||
| Intensive care | 57 | 6 (4.8) | 8 (6.6) | 19 (46.3) | 24 (61.5) | |
| Supplemental oxygen | 93 | 23 (18.5) | 17 (13.9) | 25 (61) | 28 (71.8) | |
| Mechanical ventilation | 34 | 3 (2.4) | 5 (4.1) | 11 (26.8) | 15 (38.5) | |
LDH=lactate dyhydrogenase; LDH CXR=chest x ray; ARDS=acute respiratory distress syndrome.