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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Psychiatr Res. 2013 Jan 16;47(4):534–541. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.12.013

Table 2.

Unadjusted (Bivariate) Analyses Examining the Relationships between Problem-Gambling Severity and Incident Axis 1 Psychopathology Amongst Older Adults

LFG/NG N=7,045; 67.3% LRG N=2,917; 29.9% ARPG N=269; 2.8% p
n i % n i % n i %
Any Axis 1 Disorder 4,578 580 12.23 1,379 187 14.33 75 18 23.43 .0332
Mood Disorders 6,051 303 4.67 2,452 119 4.56 188 12 6.19 .7277
    Depression 6,177 269 4.04 2,543 112 4.13 207 11 5.55 .7163
    Dysthymia 6,790 56 0.70 2,792 19 0.56 253 1 0.24 .2378
    Mania 6,951 57 0.65 2,855 27 0.97 253 6 2.18 .1514
    Hypomania 6,991 53 0.60 2,878 12 0.26 262 3 0.74 .0597
Anxiety Disorders 6,103 423 6.38 2,388 158 6.41 199 19 8.54 .6258
    Panic disorder 6,808 78 1.05 2,783 36 1.31 237 7 2.60 .2707
    Agoraphobia 7,036 7 0.08 2,915 3 0.19 268 0 0.00 .0329
    Social Phobia 6,792 78 1.02 2,787 22 0.82 249 6 1.47 .6218
    Specific phobia 6,553 308 4.10 2,622 126 4.69 236 8 2.70 .2553
    Generalized Anxiety Disorder 6,801 151 2.09 2,796 61 2.09 253 13 5.19 .1422
Substance-Use Disorders 5,649 268 4.69 1,745 107 6.37 117 20 15.80 .0021
    Alcohol abuse/dependence 6,036 81 1.42 1,964 43 2.46 157 7 5.09 .0375
    Nicotine dependence 6,411 234 3.65 2,403 123 5.61 168 20 10.78 .0016
    Drug abuse/dependence 6,951 26 0.38 2,829 12 0.34 252 0 0.00 .0007

LFG/NG= Low-frequency gambling/Non-gambling; LRG= Low-risk gambling; ARPG=At-risk/problem gambling; p=p-value from Wald Chi-Square test; n=Baseline population at risk (unweighted); i= Number of incident cases (unweighted); %=Incidence (weighted)

Bold values indicate statistically significant results (p<.05)