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| Characteristic | PFO-related (N=14) |
Non PFO-related (N=7) |
Normal (N=18) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean and range) | 46 (26-55) |
45 (25-53) |
44 (22-56) |
| Gender | 50%M | 57%M | 50%M |
| Race | 100% Caucasian | 100% Caucasian | 94% Caucasian |
| Hyperlipidemia | 14% | 14% | 11% |
| Hypertension | 7% | 0 | 5% |
| Diabetes | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Residual right to left shunting post PFO closure on cardiac echo | 0 | N/A | N/A |
