Table 1.
Cosinor analysis of Bmal1, Clock, Per3, Per2, and Dbp mRNA expression in the liver of mice fed with a ketogenic diet.
| MESOR | Amplitude | Acrophase (h) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bmal1 | ND | 41.8 ± 3.9 | 47.8 ± 5.6 | 22.5 ± 0.44 |
| KD | 123.4 ± 17.2** | 144.7 ± 24.3** | 18.9 ± 0.64** | |
| Clock | ND | 62.1 ± 4.9 | 31.2 ± 6.9 | 22.5 ± 0.85 |
| KD | 141.7 ± 15.5** | 83.9 ± 21.9 | 18.7 ± 1.0* | |
| Per3 | ND | 45.2 ± 7.1 | 42.2 ± 10.0 | 10.6 ± 0.90 |
| KD | 153.9 ± 12.0** | 143.2 ± 17.0** | 6.8 ± 0.45** | |
| Per2 | ND | 48.8 ± 5.3 | 48.1 ± 7.6 | 16.0 ± 0.60 |
| KD | 93.8 ± 10.7** | 76.8 ± 15.2 | 8.7 ± 0.75** | |
| Dbp | ND | 31.1 ± 8.9 | 46.1 ± 12.5 | 9.5 ± 1.0 |
| KD | 46.1 ± 8.3 | 62.0 ± 11.8 | 5.6 ± 0.73* | |
KD, ketogenic diet; ND, normal diet. MESOR, mean statistics of rhythm; amplitude, one-half the total peak-trough variation; acrophase, delay from 0:00 (lights on). Data are shown as means ± SEM (n = 4). Significant differences compared with ND value are indicated as *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.