SDS–PAGE of recombinant Af-Tth. Lane 1, insoluble fraction of E. coli BL21 Star (DE3) harbouring pET4TH after induction by IPTG. Lane 2, soluble recombinant Af-Tth after refolding treatment. Lane 3, supernatant of 1.3 M ammonium sulfate treatment. Lanes 4 and 5, the active fractions of TOYOPEARL Butyl-600M hydrophobic chromatography and TSKgel G3000SW gel-filtration chromatography, respectively. Lane M, molecular-mass markers. The molecular masses are indicated on the left in kDa.