Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of the six motivational subscales and gender comparisons.
| Motivational subscales | Male, mean (SD) |
Female, mean (SD) |
All, mean (SD) |
P value of t test between genders | |
| Value |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intrinsic goal orientation | 5.02 (0.78) | 4.93 (1.01) | 4.97 (0.91) | .68 |
|
|
Extrinsic goal orientation | 4.18 (1.22) | 3.71 (1.34) | 3.91 (1.30) | .13 |
|
|
Task value | 4.74 (0.73) | 4.66 (1.17) | 4.70 (1.00) | .72 |
| Expectancy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Control of learning beliefs | 4.82 (0.83) | 4.70 (0.93) | 4.75 (0.88) | .56 |
|
|
Self-efficacy for learning and performance | 4.92 (0.70) | 4.71 (0.92) | 4.80 (0.83) | .29 |
| Affect |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Test anxiety | 3.59 (1.19) | 3.16 (1.23) | 3.34 (1.23) | .14 |