Table 3.

Race-Ethnicity and Trajectories of Functional Limitations among Adults Aged 53 to 73 Years: Random Coefficient growth Curve Models (n = 7,965)

Variable	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5	Model 6
Fixed effectsa
Intercept	1.058***	.971***	2.250***	.596***	.750***	1.442***
Race-ethnicityb
Black	.620***	.450***	.171	.578***	.416***	−.057
Mexican American	.756***	.562**	.003	.719***	.702***	−.033
Linear slope (age)	.080***	.080***	.067***	.075***	.044***	.032**
Black	.002	.002	.004	.002	.002	.006
Mexican American	−.006	−.005	−.007	−.006	−.004	−.003
Early life social origins
Family was poor		.458***				.270***
Mother had more than a high school education		−.365***				−.015
Father had more than a high school education		−.415***				−.129
Adult socioeconomic status
Years of education			−.179***			−.144***
Earnings (ln)			−.010***			−.011***
Social Security income (ln)			.025***			.024***
Net worth (ln)			−.037***			−.034***
In the labor force			−.593***			−.548***
Uninsured			−.059			−.027
Unmarried			.118**			.120**
Health-related behaviors
Obese (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2)				.404***		.344***
Ever smoked				.542***		.346***
Currently smokes				−.176***		−.089*
Heavy drinker (≥3 drinks/day)				.315***		.237*
Serious conditions					.631***	.562***
Controls
Female	.935***	.953***	.721***	1.044***	.958***	.840***
Measurement occasions	−.005	.044	.013	−.012	.014	.063*
Died during observation	2.010***	2.013***	1.602***	1.929***	1.616***	1.262***
Random effects
Level 1 residual	1.404***	1.404***	1.405***	1.403***	1.404***	1.403***
Level 2 age	.185***	.184***	.180***	.184***	.181***	.176***
Level 2 intercept	2.417***	2.389***	2.199***	2.382***	2.313***	2.092***
Log likelihood	−81,799.3	−81,713.4	−81,036.5	−81,157.2	−81,292.3	−79,972.1

^aModels control for cohort differences in trajectory intercepts and slopes.

^bWhite serves as the reference group.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.