Table 2.
Pathogen | Clinical manifestation | Transfusion screening/testing method in use | Prevalence among blood donors | Risk |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bacteria | ||||
Conventional bacteria | Bacteremia/septicemia | – | ||
Rickettsia conorii R typhi Coxiella burnetti |
Tunisia (9.0% ‡) [89] | Unknown | ||
Tunisia (3.6%‡) [89] | ||||
Tunisia (26% ‡) † [89] | ||||
T pallidum | Syphilis | VDRL/TPHA | DRC (1.1%–3.6% *) [74] | |
Cameroon (9.5%) [14] | ||||
Burkina Faso (1.2%) [14] | ||||
Egypt (0.05%) [75] | ||||
Ethiopia (1.3%) [76] | ||||
Ivory Coast (5.85%) [14] | ||||
Mali (4.54%) [14] | ||||
Namibia (0.09%) † | ||||
Tanzania (4.7%) [80] | ||||
Mozambique (0.91% *) [36] | ||||
Mali (0.3%) [77] | ||||
Rwanda (0.6%) [14] | ||||
Niger (18.96%) [14] | ||||
Protozoa | ||||
P falciparum | Kenya (0.67%–8.63%) [90] | |||
P.vivax P malariae P.ovale |
Malaria | Donor history questionnaire; blood smear microscopy | Nigeria (10.2%–20.2%) [57,91] | |
Nematodes | ||||
W bancrofti | Lymphatic filariasis, elephantiasis | – | Unknown | Unknown |
O volvulus | Oncocerciasis, river blindness” | – | Unknown | |
L loa | Loiasis, African eye worm | – | Nigeria (1.3–3.5% ‡) [60,92] | |
M streptocerca | Dermal-based filariasis | – | Nigeria (0.2% ‡) [60] | |
M perstans | Body cavity filariasis | – | Nigeria (15.6% ‡) [60] |
Abbreviations: VDRL, venereal disease research laboratory test; TPHA, T pallidum hemagglutination assay.
Replacement donors.
Unpublished correspondence from NAMBTS.
Results from study conducted more than 10 years ago/may be outdated.