TABLE 3.

PFT-induced effects observed in vivo

Pathogena	PFTa	Presence of PFT effect
		Innate immune responses			Barrier dysfunction	Vasoconstriction and -dilation and altered blood pressure	Vascular and ischemic necrosis	Immune evasion		Hijacking of host factors	Programmed cell death of nonimmune cells
		Inflammation	PRRs involved	Inflammasome activation				Cytotoxicity toward immune cells (direct and via programmed cell death)	Intracellular survival of pathogen
S. pneumoniae	PLY	×	×	×	×	×				×	×
GAS	SLO	×		×	×		×	×			×
	SLS				×			×
GBS	β-h/c				×			×	×		×
S. aureus	PVL	×	×		×
	Alpha-toxin	×		×	×	×		×		×
	γ-hemolysin	×
	LukED							×
	LukGH	×
B. anthracis	ALO		×		×			×
C. botulinum	BLY					×
C. perfringens	β-toxin				×	×	×
	ε-toxin				×	×
	PFO					×	×
C. septicum	Alpha-toxin						×
C. tetani	Tetanolysin					×
L. monocytogenes	LLO								×	×
M. tuberculosis	ESAT-6				×				×
E. coli	HlyA	×			×	×		×
V. cholerae	VCC		×								×

^aSee Table 2 for details on these pathogens and PFTs.