Scheme 4.
Reagents and conditions: (a) NaH, CH3l for 15a, CH3CH2Br for 15b and BnBr for 15c; (b) K2CO3, ACN, CH3CH2CH2l for 15d, (CH3)2CHI for 15e and cyclopentyl bromide for 15f; (c) Cul, Cs2CO3, DMF, Ligand, 2-bromo-pyridine for 15g, 2-bromothiophene for 15h.