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Choline, chloride or sucrose do not support growth of E. coli cells complemented with mdtM at alkaline pH. Growth of E. coli BW25113 ΔmdtM cells complemented with wild-type mdtM in salt-free liquid medium buffered to pH 9.5 in the presence of 0 mM, 20 mM, 40 mM or 86 mM choline chloride (A), sucrose (B), sodium gluconate (C) and potassium gluconate (D). Data points and error bars represent the mean ± SE of three independent experiments.
