Table 2.

Characteristics of the Ti substrates coated with different densities of Se nanoparticles

Substrate	Selenium surface fraction, ρ,* (%)	Relative surface roughness, r**	Relative RMS, R†	cos(θ)‡
uTi	0	1	1	0.433
Low-nSe-Ti	2.4	1.0373	1.204	0.274
Medium-nSe-Ti	5.0	1.050	1.556	0.262
High-nSe-Ti	6.2	1.054	1.748	0.220

Notes:

^*Determined from SEM images;

^**determined from AFM, normalized by that of the uncoated substrates;

^†normalized to that of uncoated substrates;

^‡calculated from measured contact angles.

Abbreviations: AFM, atomic force microscopy; high-nSe-Ti, Ti substrates coated with a high density of Se nanoparticles; low-nSe-Ti, Ti substrates coated with a low density of Se nanoparticles; medium-nSe-Ti, Ti substrates coated with a medium density of Se nanoparticles; RMS, root mean square roughness; Se, selenium; SEM, scanning electron microscope; Ti, titanium; uTi, uncoated Ti substrates.