Table 1.

Material-specific parameters (Refs. ¹⁰ and ³¹) used for simulating the heat dissipation of SPION.

Symbol	Parameter specification	Value	Unit
ca	Speed of sound in tissue	1550	m s−1
CV	Specific heat of carrier fluid	2080	J kg−1 K−1
H	Magnetic field strength	7.96	kA m−1
MS	Saturation magnetization	446	kA m−1
Temp	Thermodynamic temperature	298	K
VM	Magnetic volume	Corresponding to a diameter of 9.5 nm	m3
VH	Hydrodynamic volume	Corresponding to a diameter of 120 nm	m3
η	Viscosity coefficient	0.00235	N s m−2
κ	Anisotropy energy density of Fe3O4	23 (the smallest value used by Ref. 10. The higher the value, the higher the heat dissipation.)	J m−3
ρ	Mass density of Fe3O4	5180	kg m−3
ρ	Mass density of carrier fluid	765	kg m−3