Table 1. Conceptual and linguistic variables for the critical word sets referring to action- and sound-related concepts and the corresponding control word sets as well as p-values of two-tailed t-tests.

	action	acoustic	visual	familiarity	emotion	word length	word frequency
1st set
action-related	4.40	1.74	4.20	4.06	2.61	7.65	29.83
action control	1.77	1.59	4.24	3.89	2.45	7.55	32.93
p-value	<.001	.51	.79	.32	.33	.87	.90
sound-related	3.25	5.13	3.94	3.69	2.80	7.70	29.88
sound control	3.30	1.11	3.89	3.86	2.57	7.50	28.80
p-value	.79	<.001	.78	.46	.21	.80	.96
2nd set
action-related	4.39	1.78	4.16	4.06	2.61	7.68	30.00
action control	1.77	1.61	4.29	3.77	2.54	7.55	33.98
p-value	<.001	.44	.40	.11	.69	.83	.80
sound-related	3.24	5.19	3.73	3.54	2.60	7.65	29.48
sound control	3.30	1.13	4.07	3.88	2.52	7.50	28.35
p-value	.71	<.001	.09	.08	.65	.83	.92

Variables where measured on a scale from 1 (no associations) to 6 (strong associations) by asking participants in a norming study how strong they associate a named object with actions they can perform with it, how strong they think of typical sounds the object produces, how strong they associate visual features like contour or color with the object, how they associate emotions with the object and how familiar the object is for them.