Table 3. Odds ratios for neonatal death according to community characteristics and region of residence.
| Independent variables | Unadjusted | Adjusted© | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | CI (95%) | p | OR | CI (95%) | p | |||
| Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | |||||
| Region | ||||||||
| Central® | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| North | 0.71 | 0.63 | 0.79 | <0.001 | 0.89 | 0.78 | 1.00 | 0.056 |
| North-East | 0.72 | 0.66 | 0.80 | <0.001 | 0.64 | 0.53 | 0.77 | <0.001 |
| East | 0.46 | 0.40 | 0.53 | <0.001 | 0.69 | 0.62 | 0.76 | <0.001 |
| West | 0.42 | 0.35 | 0.50 | <0.001 | 0.51 | 0.42 | 0.62 | <0.001 |
| South | 0.57 | 0.49 | 0.65 | <0.001 | 0.73 | 0.62 | 0.86 | <0.001 |
| Community characteristics | ||||||||
| Accessibility by an all-weather road | ||||||||
| No® | 1.00 | |||||||
| Yes | 1.04 | 0.94 | 1.15 | 0.457 | ||||
| Distance to the nearest public health facility | ||||||||
| Within 1 km® | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 1 to 5 km | 1.06 | 0.92 | 1.22 | 0.409 | 0.97 | 0.83 | 1.13 | 0.719 |
| More than 5 kms | 1.09 | 0.99 | 1.21 | 0.074 | 0.97 | 0.87 | 1.08 | 0.592 |
| Distance to the nearest private health facility | ||||||||
| Within 1 km® | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 1 to 5 km | 0.71 | 0.48 | 1.05 | 0.084 | 0.67 | 0.45 | 1.01 | 0.056 |
| More than 5 kms | 1.13 | 1.03 | 1.25 | 0.013 | 0.97 | 0.87 | 1.09 | 0.617 |
| ANM/ASHA available in the village | ||||||||
| No® | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Yes | 0.90 | 0.81 | 0.99 | 0.037 | 1.05 | 0.94 | 1.18 | 0.353 |
| Janani Suraksha Yojana implemented | ||||||||
| No® | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Yes | 0.90 | 0.82 | 0.99 | 0.034 | 1.06 | 0.96 | 1.17 | 0.268 |
| Proportion of mothers with above secondary education | 0.43 | 0.37 | 0.49 | <0.001 | 0.87 | 0.70 | 1.09 | 0.229 |
| Proportion of rich households | 0.49 | 0.43 | 0.55 | <0.001 | 0.81 | 0.65 | 1.00 | 0.049 |
Notes.
p = p-value; CI (95%) = Confidence Interval at 95% level; OR = Odds Ratio; ANM/ASHA = Auxiliary Nurse and Midwife/Accredited Social Health Worker. © The logistic regression model controlled for the following variables as well – mother’s education, father’s education, asset index, religion, caste/tribe, employment status of the mother, improved source of water, improved toilet facility, house type, electricity, mother’s age at birth, sex of the child, birth order of the child, timing and number of ANC visits, Tetanus Toxoid injection, Iron and Folic Acid tablets/syrup, delivery place and SBA, and delivery complications.