Table 6. Odds ratios for neonatal death according to proximate determinants.
| Independent variables | Unadjusted | Adjusted© | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | CI (95%) | p | OR | CI (95%) | p | |||
| Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | |||||
| Proximate determinants | ||||||||
| Mother’s age at birth | ||||||||
| Below 20 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 20–24 | 0.68 | 0.62 | 0.76 | <0.001 | 0.85 | 0.76 | 0.95 | <0.001 |
| 25–29 | 0.56 | 0.50 | 0.63 | <0.001 | 0.74 | 0.65 | 0.85 | <0.001 |
| 30 and above | 0.70 | 0.62 | 0.79 | <0.001 | 0.87 | 0.74 | 1.01 | 0.065 |
| Sex of the child | ||||||||
| Girl | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Boy | 1.20 | 1.12 | 1.29 | <0.001 | 1.21 | 1.12 | 1.30 | <0.001 |
| Birth order of the child | ||||||||
| 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 2 | 0.65 | 0.58 | 0.71 | <0.001 | 0.65 | 0.59 | 0.72 | <0.001 |
| 3 | 0.62 | 0.56 | 0.70 | <0.001 | 0.58 | 0.51 | 0.66 | <0.001 |
| 4 and above | 0.80 | 0.73 | 0.88 | <0.001 | 0.62 | 0.55 | 0.71 | <0.001 |
| Timing and number of ANC visits | ||||||||
| No ANC visits | 1.00 | |||||||
| First trimester + > = 4 ANC visits | 0.64 | 0.57 | 0.71 | <0.001 | ||||
| First trimester + < 4 ANC visits | 0.80 | 0.72 | 0.89 | <0.001 | ||||
| 2nd or 3rd semester ANC visits | 0.89 | 0.82 | 0.98 | 0.014 | ||||
| Tetanus Toxoid injection | ||||||||
| One | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| No | 0.88 | 1.02 | 0.77 | 0.083 | 0.75 | 0.65 | 0.87 | <0.001 |
| Two or more | 0.67 | 0.77 | 0.58 | <0.001 | 0.65 | 0.56 | 0.75 | <0.001 |
| Iron and Folic Acid tablets/syrup | ||||||||
| No | 1.00 | |||||||
| Yes | 0.99 | 0.92 | 1.06 | 0.719 | ||||
| Delivery place and SBA | ||||||||
| Home | 1.00 | |||||||
| Home but SBA | 0.88 | 0.75 | 1.05 | 0.176 | ||||
| Health facility | 1.06 | 0.98 | 1.14 | 0.131 | ||||
| Delivery complications | ||||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Yes | 1.29 | 1.19 | 1.39 | <0.001 | 1.20 | 1.10 | 1.30 | <0.001 |
Notes.
p = p-value; CI (95%) = Confidence Interval at 95% level; OR = Odds Ratio; SBA = Skilled Birth Attendance; ANC = Antenatal Care. © The logistic regression model controlled for the following variables as well – region, accessibility by an all-weather road, distance to the nearest private health facility, distance to the nearest public health facility, ANM/ASHA available in the village, Janani Suraksha Yojana implemented, proportion of mothers with above secondary education, proportion of rich households, mother’s education, father’s education, asset index, religion, caste/tribe, employment status of the mother, improved source of water, improved toilet facility, house type, electricity.