Table 1. Water physical and chemical characteristics in sampling points.
| Summer | Autumn | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | gw | 1 | 2–3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | gw | ||
| Water physical and chemical characteristics | PIT (d) | dry | 15 | 12 | 0 | 7 | dry | 0 | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm |
| Q (l/s) | dry | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | dry | 0.2 | nm | 0.9 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | nm | |
| Temperature (°C) | dry | 18.2 | 17.1 | 17.5 | 16.7 | dry | 18.0 | 17.0 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.4 | 9.5 | 11.4 | 9.6 | 14.8 | |
| O2 (mg/l) | dry | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | dry | 9.0 | 6.5 | 8.3 | 10.8 | 7.3 | 9.1 | 5.4 | 10.3 | 8.4 | |
| pH | dry | 7.3 | 7.3 | 6.9 | 7.3 | dry | 8.0 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.0 | 7.6 | 7.4 | |
| EC (µS/cm) | dry | 463 | 349 | 349 | 408 | dry | 161 | 387 | 265 | 267 | 220 | 258 | 274 | 164 | 419 | |
| Chloride (mg/l) | dry | 33.9 | 29.7 | 18.9 | 21.7 | dry | 14.1 | 20.2 | 26.3 | 23.5 | 20.5 | 21.6 | 23.2 | 14.2 | 23.2 | |
| (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | ||||
| SO4 (mg/l) | dry | 4.7 | 3.6 | 2.8 | 10.3 | dry | 8.4 | 36.5 | 21.6 | 21.9 | 19.2 | 19.1 | 21.5 | 9.3 | 14.4 | |
| (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | ||||
| N-NO3 (mg/l) | dry | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.08 | dry | 0.23 | 1.31 | 0.25 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.34 | 0.74 | 0.04 | 0.02 | |
| (*) | (0.001) | (0.004) | (*) | (0.060) | (*) | (0.050) | (0.010) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (0.030) | (0.060) | ||||
| N-NH4 (mg/l) | dry | 13.00 | 1.89 | 0.10 | 1.55 | dry | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
| (*) | (*) | (0.020) | (0.190) | (0.005) | (0.010) | (0.060) | (*) | (0.004) | (0.003) | (*) | (0.010) | (0.004) | ||||
| P-PO4 (mg/l) | dry | 0.017 | 0.017 | 0.001 | 0.031 | dry | 0.017 | 0.008 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
| (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | ||||
| CI | dry | −3.3 | −0.6 | 2.7 | 0.3 | dry | 6.3 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 5.3 | 7.2 | 6.6 | |
| (*) | (*) | (0.1) | (0.1) | (0.3) | (0.3) | (1.3) | (*) | (*) | (0.6) | (0.6) | (*) | (*) | ||||
| DOM characteristics | DOC (mg/l) | dry | 33.1 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.1 | dry | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.8 | 4.1 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.1 |
| (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (0.60) | (0.02) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (0.41) | (*) | ||||
| DON (mg/l) | dry | 1.31 | 0.14 | 0.29 | 0.87 | dry | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.17 | 0.32 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.17 | |
| (*) | (0.05) | (0.03) | (0.21) | (0.03) | (0.01) | (0.02) | (0.03) | (0.06) | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.03) | (0.14) | ||||
| DOC∶DON | dry | 25 | 41 | 21 | 7 | dry | 37 | 19 | 16 | 17 | 13 | 13 | 16 | 25 | 6 | |
| (*) | (*) | (5) | (*) | (13) | (*) | (*) | (2) | (3) | (*) | (*) | (5) | (3) | ||||
| BDOC (%) | dry | 39.6 | 16.9 | 7.7 | 26.1 | dry | 5.3 | 14.2 | 10.8 | 6.5 | 12.7 | 5.8 | 9.9 | 14.5 | 35.9 | |
| (3.9) | (2.7) | (2.7) | (*) | (3.4) | (10.5) | (1.5) | (5.7) | (5.5) | (2.3) | (11.6) | (*) | (6.4) | ||||
| FI | dry | 1.85 | 1.80 | 1.72 | 1.90 | dry | 1.60 | 1.87 | 1.76 | 1.77 | 1.69 | 1.72 | 1.74 | 1.62 | 1.95 | |
| (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | ||||
| SUVA (l/mg C cm) | dry | 0.88 | 1.38 | 2.42 | 2.04 | dry | 2.28 | 0.69 | 0.50 | 0.75 | 1.11 | 1.29 | 0.36 | 1.40 | 0.30 | |
| (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | (*) | ||||
| IC/IA | dry | 0.91 | 0.75 | 0.71 | 0.89 | dry | 0.55 | 0.63 | 0.42 | 0.54 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.49 | 0.58 | 0.63 | |
Standard deviation is reported in brackets; (*) = standard deviation lower than 10%. (gw) = groundwater samples; (PIT) = Pond Isolation Time; (Q) = Discharge; (EC) = Electrical Conductivity; (CI) = Chemical Index; (BDOC) = Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon; (FI) = Fluorescence Index; (SUVA) = Specific UV Absorbance; (IC/IA) = Ratio of intensities of C and A fluorescence peaks. See text for additional details.